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  • Standard Area - TECH: Learning Standards for Technology
    (see MST standards under Previous Standard Versions)
        • Introduction - MST3.A2.Introduction: Integrated Algebra II and Trigonometry

          In implementing the Algebra 2 and Trigonometry process and content performance indicators, it is expected that students will identify and justify mathematical relationships, formally and informally. The intent of both the process and content performance indicators is to provide a variety of ways for students to acquire and demonstrate mathematical reasoning ability when solving problems. Local curriculum and local/state assessments must support and allow students to use any mathematically correct method when solving a problem.

          Throughout this document, the performance indicators use the words investigate, explore, discover, conjecture, reasoning, argument, justify, explain, proof, and apply. Each of these terms is an important component in developing a student's mathematical reasoning ability. It is therefore important that a clear and common definition of these terms be understood. The order of these terms reflects different stages of the reasoning process.

          Investigate/Explore - Students will be given situations in which they will be asked to look for patterns or relationships between elements within the setting.

          Discover - Students will make note of possible patterns and generalizations that result from investigation/exploration.

          Conjecture - Students will make an overall statement, thought to be true, about the new discovery.

          Reasoning - Students will engage in a process that leads to knowing something to be true or false.

          Argument - Students will communicate, in verbal or written form, the reasoning process that leads to a conclusion. A valid argument is the end result of the conjecture/reasoning process.

          Justify/Explain - Students will provide an argument for a mathematical conjecture. It may be an intuitive argument or a set of examples that support the conjecture. The argument may include, but is not limited to, a written paragraph, measurement using appropriate tools, the use of dynamic software, or a written proof.

          Proof - Students will present a valid argument, expressed in written form, justified by axioms, definitions, and theorems.

          Apply - Students will use a theorem or concept to solve an algebraic or numerical problem.

          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.29:
            Students identify an arithmetic or geometric sequence and find the formula for its nth term.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.30:
            Students determine the common differences in an arithmetic sequence.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.31:
            Students determine the common ratio in a geometric sequence.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.32:
            Students determine a specified term of an arithmetic or geometric sequence.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.33:
            Students specify terms of a sequence, given its recursive definition.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.34:
            Students represent the sum of a series, using sigma notation.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.35:
            Students determine the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic or geometric series.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.36:
            Students apply the binomial theorem to expand a binomial and determine a specific term of a binomial expansion.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.37:
            Students define a relation and function.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.38:
            Students determine when a relation is a function.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.39:
            Students determine the domain and range of a function from its equation.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.40:
            Students write functions in functional notation.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.41:
            Students use functional notation to evaluate functions for given values in the domain.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.42:
            Students find the composite of functions.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.43:
            Students determine if a function is one-to-one, onto, or both.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.44:
            Students define the inverse of a function.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.45:
            Students determine the inverse of a function and use composition to justify the result.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.46:
            Students perform transformations with functions and relations: f(x+a), f(x)+a, f(-x), af(x).
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.47:
            Students determine the center-radius form for the equation of a circle in standard form.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.48:
            Students write the equation of a circle, given its center and a point on the circle.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.49:
            Students write the equation of a circle from its graph.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.50:
            Students approximate the solution to polynomial equations of higher degree by inspecting the graph.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.51:
            Students determine the domain and range of a function from its graph.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.52:
            Students identify relations and functions, using graphs.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.53:
            Students graph exponential functions of the form y = bx for positive values of b, including b=e.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.54:
            Students graph logarithmic functions, using the inverse of the related exponential function.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.55:
            Students express and apply the six trigonometric functions as ratios of the sides of a right triangle.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.56:
            Students know the exact and approximate values of the sine, cosine, and tangent of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 180°, and 270° angles.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.57:
            Students sketch and use the reference angle for angles in standard position.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.58:
            Students know and apply the co-function and reciprocal relationships between trigonometric ratios.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.59:
            Students use the reciprocal and co-function relationships to find the value of the secant, cosecant, and cotangent of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 180°, and 270° angles.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.60:
            Students sketch the unit circle and represent angles in standard position.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.61:
            Students determine the length of an arc of a circle, given its radius and the measure of its central angle.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.62:
            Students find the value of trigonometric functions, if given a point on the terminal side of angle Θ.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.63:
            Students restrict the domain of the sine, cosine, and tangent functions to ensure the existence of an inverse function.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.64:
            Students use inverse functions to find the measure of an angle, given its sine, cosine, or tangent.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.65:
            Students sketch the graph of the inverse of the sine, cosine, and tangent functions.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.66:
            Students determine the trigonometric functions of any angle, using technology.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.67:
            Students justify the Pythagorean identities.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.68:
            Students solve trigonometric equations for all values of the variable from 0° to 360°.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.69:
            Students determine amplitude, period, frequency, and phase shift, given the graph or equation of a periodic function.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.70:
            Students sketch and recognize one cycle of a function of the form y = Asin Bx or y = Acos Bx.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.71:
            Students sketch and recognize the graphs of the functions y = sec(x), y = csc(x), y = tan(x), and y = cot(x).
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.72:
            Students write the trigonometric function that is represented by a given periodic graph.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.73:
            Students solve for an unknown side or angle, using the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.74:
            Students determine the area of a triangle or a parallelogram, given the measure of two sides and the included angle.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.75:
            Students determine the solution(s) from the SSA situation (ambiguous case).
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.76:
            Students apply the angle sum and difference formulas for trigonometric functions.
          • Performance Indicator - MST3.A2.A.77:
            Students apply the double-angle and half-angle formulas for trigonometric functions.
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