Clarification Statement - S.HS.ESS.1.2.CS:
Emphasis is on the astronomical evidence of the red shift of light from galaxies as an indication that the universe is currently expanding at an accelerated rate, the cosmic microwave background as the remnant radiation from the Big Bang, and the observed

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP6.2:
Construct and revise an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students’ own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the na

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ESS.1.2.DCI:
ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars •The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth. •The Big Bang theory is supported by observations of distant galaxies receding from our own, of the measured composition of stars and non-stellar gases, and of the maps of spectra of the primordial radiation (cosmic microwave background) that still fills the universe. •Other than the hydrogen and helium formed at the time of the Big Bang, nuclear fusion within stars produces all atomic nuclei lighter than and including iron, and the process releases electromagnetic energy. Heavier elements are produced when certain massive stars achieve a supernova stage and explode. PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation •Atoms of each element emit and absorb characteristic frequencies of light. These characteristics allow identification of the presence of an element, even in microscopic quantities. (secondary to HS-ESS1-2)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC5.15:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed–only moved between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems.