Clarification Statement - S.4.ESS.1.1.CS:
Examples of evidence from patterns could include rock layers with marine shell fossils above rock layers with plant fossils and no shells, indicating a change from land to water over time; tilted rock layers indicate past crustal movement; glacial scratch

Assessment Boundary - S.4.ESS.1.1.AB:
Assessment does not include specific knowledge of the mechanism of rock formation or memorization of specific rock formations and layers. Assessment is limited to relative time.

Science and Engineering Practices - 3-5.SEP6.5:
Identify the evidence that supports particular points in an explanation.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.4.ESS.1.1.DCI:
ESS1.C: The History of Planet Earth •Local, regional, and global patterns of rock formations reveal changes over time due to earth forces, such as earthquakes. The presence and location of certain fossil types indicate the order in which rock layers were formed.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.7:
Patterns can be used as evidence to support an explanation.