Component - L.8.1.a:
Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Component - L.8.1.b:
Form and use verbs in the active and passive voice.

Component - L.8.1.c:
Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood.

Component - L.8.1.d:
Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.

Component - L.8.2.a:
Use punctuation (comma, ellipsis, dash) to indicate a pause or break.

Component - L.8.2.b:
Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission.

Component - L.8.2.c:
Spell correctly.

Component - L.8.3.a:
Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action; expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact).

Component - L.8.4.a:
Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Component - L.8.4.b:
Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).

Component - L.8.4.c:
Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Component - L.8.4.d:
Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

Component - L.8.5.a:
Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal irony, puns) in context.

Component - L.8.5.b:
Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.

Component - L.8.5.c:
Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute).