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Standard Area - TECH: Learning Standards for Technology
(see MST standards under Previous Standard Versions)-
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Introduction - MST4.C.LE.LE.2.Introduction:
Organisms from all kingdoms possess a set of instructions (genes) that determines their characteristics. These instructions are passed from parents to offspring during reproduction. Students are familiar with simple mechanisms related to the inheritance of some physical traits in offspring. They are now able to begin to understand the molecular basis of heredity and how this set of instructions can be changed through recombination, mutation, and genetic engineering.
The inherited instructions that are passed from parent to offspring exist in the form of a code. This code is contained in DNA molecules. The DNA molecules must be accurately replicated before being passed on. Once the coded information is passed on, it is used by a cell to make proteins. The proteins that are made become cell parts and carry out most functions of the cell.
Throughout recorded history, humans have used selective breeding and other biotechnological methods to produce products or organisms with desirable traits. Our current understanding of DNA extends this to the manipulation of genes leading to the development of new combinations of traits and new varieties of organisms.
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Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.2.2a:
For thousands of years new varieties of cultivated plants and domestic animals have resulted from selective breeding for particular traits. -
Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.2.2b:
In recent years new varieties of farm plants and animals have been engineered by manipulating their genetic instructions to produce new characteristics. -
Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.2.2c:
Different enzymes can be used to cut, copy, and move segments of DNA. Characteristics produced by the segments of DNA may be expressed when these segments are inserted into new organisms, such as bacteria. -
Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.2.2d:
Inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments can alter genes. An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. -
Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.2.2e:
Knowledge of genetics is making new fields of health care possible; for example, finding genes which may have mutations that can cause disease will aid in the development of preventive measures to fight disease. Substances, such as hormones and enzymes, from genetically engineered organisms may reduce the cost and side effects of replacing missing body chemicals.
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