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View all PreK-12 NYS Learning Standards in a dropdown list format.
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  • Standard Area - TECH: Learning Standards for Technology
    (see MST standards under Previous Standard Versions)
            • Introduction - MST4.C.P.4.Introduction:

              The law of conservation of energy provides one of the basic keys to understanding the universe. The fundamental tenet of this law is that the total mass-energy of the universe is constant; however, energy can be transferred in many ways. Historically, scientists have treated the law of conservation of matter and energy separately. All energy can be classified as either kinetic or potential. When work is done on or by a system, the energy of the system changes. This relationship is known as the work-energy theorem.

              Energy may be transferred by matter or by waves. Waves transfer energy without transferring mass. Most of the information scientists gather about the universe is derived by detecting and analyzing waves. This process has been enhanced through the use of digital analysis. Types of waves include mechanical and electromagnetic. All waves have the same characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors, subject to the constraints of conservation of energy.

              Note: The use of e.g. denotes examples which may be used for in-depth study. The terms for example and such as denote material which is testable. Items in parentheses denote further definition of the word(s) preceding the item and are testable.

              Note: Items with *asterisks* require quantitative treatment per the Reference Table for Physics. Asterisks following individual words refer to the preceding word or phrase only; asterisks appearing after the final period of a sentence refer to all concepts or ideas presented in the sentence.

              Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1a:
                All energy transfers are governed by the law of conservation of energy.*
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1b:
                Energy may be converted among mechanical, electromagnetic, nuclear, and thermal forms.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1c:
                Potential energy is the energy an object possesses by virtue of its position or condition. Types of potential energy include gravitational* and elastic*.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1d:
                Kinetic energy* is the energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1e:
                In an ideal mechanical system, the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies (mechanical energy) is constant.*
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1f:
                In a non-ideal mechanical system, as mechanical energy decreases there is a corresponding increase in other energies such as internal energy.*
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1g:
                When work* is done on or by a system, there is a change in the total energy* of the system.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1h:
                Work done against friction results in an increase in the internal energy of the system.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1i:
                Power* is the time-rate at which work is done or energy is expended.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1j:
                Energy may be stored in electric* or magnetic fields. This energy may be transferred through conductors or space and may be converted to other forms of energy.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1k:
                Moving electric charges produce magnetic fields. The relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic field may produce a potential difference in the conductor.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1l:
                All materials display a range of conductivity. At constant temperature, common metallic conductors obey Ohm’s Law*.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1m:
                The factors affecting resistance in a conductor are length, cross-sectional area, temperature, and resistivity.*
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1n:
                A circuit is a closed path in which a current* can exist. (Note: Use conventional current.)
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1o:
                Circuit components may be connected in series* or in parallel*. Schematic diagrams are used to represent circuits and circuit elements.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.P.4.1p:
                Electrical power* and energy* can be determined for electric circuits.
                Assessments
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