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View all PreK-12 NYS Learning Standards in a dropdown list format.
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  • Standard Area - TECH: Learning Standards for Technology
    (see MST standards under Previous Standard Versions)
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            • Introduction - MST4.C.ES.PS3.Introduction:

              Observation and classification have helped us understand the great variety and complexity of Earth materials. Minerals are the naturally occurring inorganic solid elements, compounds, and mixtures from which rocks are made. We classify minerals on the basis of their chemical composition and observable properties. Rocks are generally classified by their origin (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary), texture, and mineral content.

              Rocks and minerals help us understand Earth's historical development and its dynamics. They are important to us because of their availability and properties. The use and distribution of mineral resources and fossil fuels have important economic and environmental impacts. As limited resources, they must be used wisely.

              Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.ES.PS3.1a:
                Minerals have physical properties determined by their chemical composition and crystal structure.
                • Minerals can be identified by well-defined physical and chemical properties, such as cleavage, fracture, color, density, hardness, streak, luster, crystal shape, and reaction with acid.
                • Chemical composition and physical properties determine how minerals are used by humans.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.ES.PS3.1b:
                Minerals are formed inorganically by the process of crystallization as a result of specific environmental conditions. These include:
                • cooling and solidification of magma
                • precipitation from water caused by such processes as evaporation, chemical reactions, and temperature changes
                • rearrangement of atoms in existing minerals subjected to conditions of high temperature and pressure.
                Assessments
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.ES.PS3.1c:

                Rocks are usually composed of one or more minerals.

                • Rocks are classified by their origin, mineral content, and texture.
                • Conditions that existed when a rock formed can be inferred from the rock's mineral content and texture.
                • The properties of rocks determine how they are used and also influence land usage by humans.
                Assessments
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