Clarification Statement - S.HS.LS.2.4.CS:
Emphasis is on using a mathematical model such as a pyramid of biomass/energy to describe the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another and that matter and energy are conserved as matter cycles and energy flows through ecosystems. Emphasis is

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.LS.2.4.AB:
Assessment is limited to proportional reasoning to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP5.1:
Use mathematical representations of phenomena to support claims.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.LS.2.4.DCI:
LS2.B: Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems •Plants or algae form the lowest level of the food web. At each link upward in a food web, only a small fraction of the matter consumed at the lower level is transferred upward, to produce growth and release energy in cellular respiration at the higher level. Given this inefficiency, there are generally fewer organisms at higher levels of a food web. The chemical elements that make up the molecules of organisms pass through food webs and into and out of the atmosphere and soil, and they are combined and recombined in different ways. At each link in an ecosystem, matter and energy are conserved. •(NYSED) When matter is cycled through organisms and ecosystems, some of the matter reacts to release energy for life functions, some is stored in newly made structures, and some is eliminated as waste.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC5.13:
Energy can be transferred between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems.