Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.2.4.CS:
Emphasis is on both quantitative and conceptual descriptions of gravitational and electric fields.

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.PS.2.4.AB:
Assessment is limited to systems with two objects.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP5.2:
Use mathematical representations of phenomena to describe explanations.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.2.4.DCI:
PS2.B: Types of Interactions •Newton’s law of universal gravitation and Coulomb’s law provide the mathematical models to describe and predict the effects of gravitational and electrostatic forces between distant objects. •Forces at a distance are explained by fields (gravitational, electric, and magnetic) permeating space that can transfer energy through space. Magnets or electric currents cause magnetic fields; electric charges or changing magnetic fields cause electric fields.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.13:
Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.