Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.4.2.CS:
Emphasis is on both light and mechanical waves. Examples of models could include drawings, simulations, and written descriptions.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.4.2.AB:
Assessment is limited to qualitative applications pertaining to light and mechanical waves.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP2.3:
Develop and use a model to describe phenomena.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.4.2.DCI:
PS4.A: Wave Properties •A sound wave needs a medium through which it is transmitted. PS4.B: Electromagnetic Radiation •When light shines on an object, it is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through the object, depending on the object’s material and the frequency (color) of the light. •(NYSED) The path that light travels can be traced as straight lines, except when it hits a surface between different transparent materials (e.g., air and water, air and glass) obliquely where the light path bends. •A wave model of light is useful for explaining brightness, color, and the frequency-dependent bending of light at a surface between media. •(NYSED) However, because light can travel through space, it cannot be a mechanical wave, like sound or water waves.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC4.2:
Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used.