Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.3.3.CS:
Examples of devices could include an insulated box, a solar cooker, and a Styrofoam cup.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.3.3.AB:
Assessment does not include calculating the total amount of thermal energy transferred.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP6.2:
Apply scientific ideas or principles to design an object, tool, process or system.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.3.3.DCI:
PS3.A: Definitions of Energy •(NYSED) Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, phases (states), and amounts of matter present. PS3.B: Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer •Energy is spontaneously transferred out of hotter regions or objects and into colder ones. ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem •The more precisely a design task’s criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions. (secondary to MS-PS3-3) ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results in order to improve it. There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet criteria and constraints of a problem. (secondary to MS-PS3-3)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC5.7:
The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system.