Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.2.4.CS:
Examples of evidence for arguments could include data generated from simulations or digital tools; and charts displaying mass, strength of interaction, distance from the Sun, and orbital periods of objects within the solar system.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.2.4.AB:
Assessment does not include Newton’s Law of Gravitation or Kepler’s Laws.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP7.1:
Construct and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.2.4.DCI:
PS2.B: Types of Interactions •Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC3.3:
Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy and matter flows within systems.