Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.6.CS:
Emphasis is on the design, controlling the transfer of energy to the environment, and modification of a device using factors such as type and concentration of a substance. Examples of designs could include combining vinegar and baking soda, activating glo

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.1.6.AB:
Assessment is limited to the criteria of substance amounts, reaction time, and observed temperature changes.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP6.1:
Undertake a design project, engaging in the design cycle, to construct and/or implement a solution that meets specific design criteria and constraints.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.6.DCI:
PS1.B: Chemical Reactions •(NYSED) Some chemical reactions release energy, others absorb energy. ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. (secondary to MS-PS1-6) ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution •Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process—that is, some of the characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. (secondary to MS-PS1-6) •The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution. (secondary to MS-PS1-6)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC5.7:
The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system.