Assessment Boundary - S.4.ESS.3.2.AB:
Assessment is limited to earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

Science and Engineering Practices - 3-5.SEP6.4:
Generate and compare multiple solutions to a problem based on how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the design solution.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.4.ESS.3.2.DCI:
ESS3.B: Natural Hazards •A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions). Humans cannot eliminate the hazardsbut can take steps to reduce their impacts. (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea can also be found in 3.WC.) ETS1.B: Designing Solutions to Engineering Problems •Testing a solution involves investigating how well it performs under a range of likely conditions. (secondary to 4-ESS3-2)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC2.4:
Cause and effect relationships are routinely identified, tested, and used to explain change.