Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP1.3:
Analyze complex real-world problems by specifying criteria and constraints for successful solutions

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ETS.1.1.DCI:
ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems •Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirementsset by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into account, and they should be quantified to the extent possible and stated in such a way that one can tell if a given design meets them. •Humanity faces major global challenges today, such as the need for supplies of clean water and food or for energy sources that minimize pollution, which can be addressed through engineering. These global challenges also may have manifestations in local communities.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP6.4:
Design, evaluate, and/or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ETS.1.2.DCI:
ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution •Criteria may need to be broken down into simpler ones that can be approached systematically, and decisions about the priority of certain criteria over others (trade-offs) may be needed.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP6.4:
Design, evaluate, and/or refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ETS.1.3.DCI:
ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account arange of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP5.7:
Use mathematical models and/or computer simulations to predict the effects of a design solution on systems and/or the interactions between systems.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ETS.1.4.DCI:
ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •Both physical models and computers can be used in various ways to aid in the engineering design process. Computers are useful for a variety of purposes, such as running simulations to test different ways of solving a problem or to see which one is most efficient or economical; and in making a persuasive presentation to a client about how a given design will meet his or her needs.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC3.8:
Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) can be used to simulate systems and interactions—including energy, matter, and information flows—within and between systems at different scales.