Clarification Statement - S.HS.ESS.3.1.CS:
Examples of key natural resources could include access to fresh water (such as rivers, lakes, and ground water), regions of fertile soils such as river deltas, and high concentrations of minerals and fossil fuels. Examples of natural hazards could include

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP6.2:
Construct and revise an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students’ own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the na

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ESS.3.1.DCI:
ESS3.A: Natural Resources •Resource availability has guided the development of human society. ESS3.B: Natural Hazards •Natural hazards and other geologic events have shaped the course of human history; [they] have significantly altered the sizes of human populations and have driven human migrations.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC2.8:
Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.ESS.3.2.CS:
Emphasis is on the conservation, recycling, and reuse of resources (such as minerals and metals) where possible, and on minimizing impacts where it is not. Examples could include developing best practices for agricultural soil use, mining (for coal, tar s

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP7.5:
Evaluate competing design solutions to a real-world problem based on scientific ideas and principles, empirical evidence, and logical arguments regarding relevant factors (e.g. economic, societal, environmental, ethical considerations).

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ESS.3.2.DCI:
ESS3.A: Natural Resources •All forms of energy production and other resource extraction have associated economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical costs and risks as well as benefits. New technologies and social regulations can change the balance of these factors. ETS1.B. Developing Possible Solutions •When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account arange of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts. (secondary to HS-ESS3-2)

Clarification Statement - S.HS.ESS.3.3.CS:
Examples of factors that affect the management of natural resources could include costs of resource extraction and waste management, per-capita consumption, and the development of new technologies. Examples of factors that affect human sustainability coul

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.ESS.3.3.AB:
Assessment for computational simulations is limited to using prov ided multi-parameter programs or constructing simplified spreadsheet calculations.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP5.3:
Create a computational model or simulation of a phenomenon, designed device, process, or system.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ESS.3.3.DCI:
ESS3.C: Human Impacts on Earth Systems •The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC6.9:
Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.ESS.3.4.CS:
Examples of data on the impacts of human activities could include the quantities and types of pollutants released, changes to biomass and species diversity, or areal changes in land surface use (such as for urban development, agriculture and livestock, or

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP6.3:
Refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ESS.3.4.DCI:
ESS3.C: Human Impacts on Earth Systems •Scientists and engineers can make major contributions by developing technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation. ETS1.B. Developing Possible Solutions •When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account arange of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts. (secondary to HS-ESS3-4)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC6.8:
Feedback (negative or positive) can stabilize or destabilize a system.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.ESS.3.6.CS:
Examples of Earth systems to be considered could include the hydrosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and/or biosphere. An example of the far-reaching impacts from a human activity is how an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in an inc

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.ESS.3.6.AB:
Assessment does not include running computational representations but is limited to using the published results of scientific computational models.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP5.4:
Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.ESS.3.6.DCI:
ESS2.D: Weather and Climate •Current models predict that, although future regional climate changes will be complex and varied, average global temperatures will continue to rise. The outcomes predicted by global climate models strongly depend on the amounts of human-generated greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere each year and by the ways in which these gases are absorbed by the ocean and biosphere. (secondary to HS-ESS3-6) ESS3.D: Global Climate Change •Through computer simulations and other studies, important discoveries are still being made about how the ocean, the atmosphere, and the biosphere interact and are modified in response to human activities.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC3.6:
When investigating or describing a system, the boundaries and initial conditions of the system need to be defined and their inputs and outputs analyzed and described using models.