Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.1.1.CS:
Examples of properties that could be predicted from patterns could include reactivity of metals, types of bonds formed, numbers of bonds formed, and reactions with oxygen.

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.PS.1.1.AB:
Assessment is limited to main group elements. Assessment does not include quantitative understanding of ionization energy beyond relative trends.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP2.2:
Use a model to predict the relationships between systems or between components of a system.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.1.1.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •Each atom has a charged substructure consisting of a nucleus, which is made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. •The periodic table orders elements horizontally by the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus and places those with similar chemical properties in columns. The repeating patterns of this table reflect patterns of outer electron states. PS2.B: Types of Interactions •Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properties, and transformations of matter, as well as the contact forces between material objects. (secondary to HS-PS1-1)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.13:
Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.1.3.CS:
Emphasis is on understanding the strengths of forces between particles, not on naming specific intermolecular forces (such as dipole-dipole). Examples of particles could include ions, atoms, molecules, and networked materials (such as graphite). Examples

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP3.1:
Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on t

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.1.3.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •The structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms. PS2.B: Types of Interactions •Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properties, and transformations of matter, as well as the contact forces between material objects. (secondary to HS-PS1-3)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.13:
Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.1.8.CS:
Emphasis is on simple qualitative models, such as pictures or diagrams, and on the scale of energy released in nuclear processes relative to other kinds of transformations.

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.PS.1.8.AB:
Assessment does not include quantitative calculation of energy released. Assessment is limited to alpha, beta, and gamma radioactive decays.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP2.1:
Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.1.8.DCI:
PS1.C: Nuclear Processes •Nuclear processes, including fusion, fission, and radioactive decays of unstable nuclei, involve release or absorption of energy. The total number of neutrons plus protons does not change in any nuclear process.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC5.10:
In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.2.6.CS:
Emphasis is on the attractive and repulsive forces that determine the functioning of the material. Examples could include why electrically conductive materials are often made of metal, flexible but durable materials are made up of long chained molecules,

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.PS.2.6.AB:
Assessment is limited to provided molecular structures of specific designed materials.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP8.1:
Communicate scientific and technical information the process of development and the design and performance of a proposed process or system) in multiple formats (including orally, graphically, textually, and mathematically).

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.2.6.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •The structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms.(secondary to HS-PS2-6) PS2.B: Types of Interactions •Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properties, and transformations of matter, as well as the contact forces between material objects.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC4.5:
Investigating or designing new systems or structures requires a detailed examination of the properties of different materials, the structures of different components, and connections of components to reveal its function and/or solve a problem.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.1.9.CS:
Real gases may be included at conditions near STP. The relationships of the variables in the combined gas law may be described both qualitatively and quantitatively

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.PS.1.9.AB:
Assessment is limited to the relationships among the variables of the combined gas law, not the gas law names, i.e. Boyle’s Law

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP4.1:
Analyze data using tools, technologies, and/or models (e.g., computational, mathematical) in order to make valid and reliable scientific claims or determine an optimal design solution.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.1.9.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •(NYSED) The concept of an ideal gas is a model to explain behavior of gases. A real gas is most like an ideal gas when the real gas is at low pressure and high temperature.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.14:
Mathematical representations can be used to identify certain patterns.

Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.1.10.CS:
Examples of physical properties could include colligative properties, degree of saturation, physical behavior of solutions, solvation process and conductivity. Examples of solution types could include solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, and gas-liquid solutions

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.PS.1.10.AB:
Assessment of colligative properties is limited to qualitative statements of boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP7.1:
Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.1.10.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •(NYSED) Solutions possess characteristic properties that can be described qualitatively and quantitatively.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.13:
Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.