Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP1.3:
Define a design problem that can be solved through thedevelopment of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.ETS.1.1.DCI:
ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems •The more precisely a design task’s criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that are likely to limit possible solutions.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC8.3:
All human activity draws onnatural resources and has both short and long-term consequences, positive as well as negative, for the health of people and the natural environment.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC8.4:
The uses of technologies and limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP7.2:
Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.ETS.1.2.DCI:
ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP4.1:
Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.ETS.1.3.DCI:
ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. •Sometimes parts of different solutions can be combined to create a solution that is better than any of its predecessors. ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution •Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process—that is, some of those characteristics may be incorporated into the new design.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP2.4:
Develop a model to generate data to test ideas about designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.ETS.1.4.DCI:
ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. •Models of all kinds are important for testing solutions. ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution •The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution.