Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.4.1.CS:
Emphasis is on describing waves with both qualitative and quantitative thinking.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.4.1.AB:
Assessment is limited to comparing standard repeating waves of only one type (transverse or longitudinal).

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP5.2:
Use mathematical representations to support scientific conclusions and design solutions.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.4.1.DCI:
PS4.A: Wave Properties •A simple wave has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.10:
Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.4.2.CS:
Emphasis is on both light and mechanical waves. Examples of models could include drawings, simulations, and written descriptions.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.4.2.AB:
Assessment is limited to qualitative applications pertaining to light and mechanical waves.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP2.3:
Develop and use a model to describe phenomena.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.4.2.DCI:
PS4.A: Wave Properties •A sound wave needs a medium through which it is transmitted. PS4.B: Electromagnetic Radiation •When light shines on an object, it is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through the object, depending on the object’s material and the frequency (color) of the light. •(NYSED) The path that light travels can be traced as straight lines, except when it hits a surface between different transparent materials (e.g., air and water, air and glass) obliquely where the light path bends. •A wave model of light is useful for explaining brightness, color, and the frequency-dependent bending of light at a surface between media. •(NYSED) However, because light can travel through space, it cannot be a mechanical wave, like sound or water waves.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC4.2:
Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.4.3.CS:
Emphasis is on a basic understanding that waves can be used for communication purposes. Examples could include using fiber optic cable to transmit light pulses, radio wave pulses in wifi devices, and conversion of stored binary patterns to make sound or t

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.4.3.AB:
Assessment does not include binary counting. Assessment does not include the specific mechanism of any given device.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP8.2:
Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information in written text with that contained in media and visual displays to clarify claims and findings.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.4.3.DCI:
PS4.C: Information Technologies and Instrumentation •Digitized signals (sent as wave pulses) are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC4.3:
Structures can be designed to serve particular functions.