Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.2.CS:
Examples of reactions could include burning sugar or steel wool, fat reacting with sodium hydroxide, and mixing zinc with hydrogen chloride.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.1.2.AB:
Assessment is limited to analysis of the following properties: density, melting point, boiling point, solubility, flammability, and odor.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP4.1:
Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.2.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •(NYSED) Each substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by MS-PS1-3.) PS1.B: Chemical Reactions •(NYSED) Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different particles and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants.(Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by MS-PS1-3.)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.9:
Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.5.CS:
Emphasis is on law of conservation of matter and on physical models or drawings, including digital forms, that represent atoms.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.1.5.AB:
Assessment does not include the use of atomic masses, balancing symbolic equations, or intermolecular forces.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP2.2:
Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.5.DCI:
PS1.B: Chemical Reactions •(NYSED) Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different particles and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants. (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by MS-PS1-3.) •The total number of each type of atom is conserved, and thus the mass does not change.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC5.6:
Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.6.CS:
Emphasis is on the design, controlling the transfer of energy to the environment, and modification of a device using factors such as type and concentration of a substance. Examples of designs could include combining vinegar and baking soda, activating glo

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.1.6.AB:
Assessment is limited to the criteria of substance amounts, reaction time, and observed temperature changes.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP6.1:
Undertake a design project, engaging in the design cycle, to construct and/or implement a solution that meets specific design criteria and constraints.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.6.DCI:
PS1.B: Chemical Reactions •(NYSED) Some chemical reactions release energy, others absorb energy. ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions •A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. (secondary to MS-PS1-6) ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution •Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process—that is, some of the characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. (secondary to MS-PS1-6) •The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution. (secondary to MS-PS1-6)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC5.7:
The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system.