Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.1.CS:
Emphasis is on developing models of molecules that vary in complexity. Examples of simple molecules could include ammonia and methanol. Examples of extended structures could include sodium chloride or diamonds. Examples of particulate-level models could

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.1.1.AB:
Assessment does not include valence electrons and bonding energy, discussing the ionic nature of subunits of complex structures, or a complete depiction of all individual atoms in a complex molecule or extended structure.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP2.1:
Develop a model to predict and/or describe phenomena.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.1.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •(NYSED) Substances are made of one type of atom or combinations of different types of atoms. Individual atoms are particles and can combine to form larger particles that range in size from two to thousands of atoms. •Solids may be formed from molecules, or they may be extended structures with repeating subunits (e.g., crystals).

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.9:
Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.10:
Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC7.4:
Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.3.CS:
Emphasis is on natural resources that undergo a chemical process to form the synthetic material. Examples of new materials could include new medicine, foods, and alternative fuels.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.1.3.AB:
Assessment is limited to the qualitative interpretation of evidence provided.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP8.1:
Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.3.DCI:
PS1.B: Chemical Reactions •(NYSED) Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different particles, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants.(Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by MS-PS1-2 and MS-PS1-5.)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC4.2:
Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.4.CS:
Emphasis is on qualitative particulate-level models of solids, liquids, and gases to show that adding or removing thermal energy increases or decreases kinetic energy of the particles until a change of phase occurs. Examples of models could include drawin

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP2.1:
Develop a model to predict and/or describe phenomena.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.4.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •(NYSED) In a solid, the particles are closely spaced and vibrate in position but do not change their relative locations. In a liquid, the particles are closely spaced but are able to change their relative locations. In a gas, the particles are widely spaced except when they happen to collide and constantly change their relative locations. •(NYSED) The changes of state that occur with variations in temperature and/or pressure can be described and predicted using these models of matter. PS3.A: Definitions of Energy •(NYSED) The term “heat” as used in everyday language refers both to thermal energy (the motion of particles within a substance) and the transfer of that thermal energy from one object to another. In science, heat is used only for this second meaning; it refers to the energy transferred due to the temperature difference between two objects. (secondary to MS-PS1-4) •(NYSED) Temperature is not a form of energy. Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter. (secondary to MS-PS1-4)

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.10:
Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC2.10:
Cause and effect relationships can be suggested and predicted for complex natural and human designed systems by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.7.CS:
Emphasis should be on students measuring the masses and volumes of regular and irregular shaped objects, calculating their densities, and identifying the samples of matter.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP7.1:
Construct and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.7.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •(NYSED) Each substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.9:
Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure.

Clarification Statement - S.MS.PS.1.8.CS:
Emphasis should be on analyzing the physical changes that occur as mixtures are formed and/or separated. Examples of common mixtures could include salt water, oil and vinegar, and air.

Assessment Boundary - S.MS.PS.1.8.AB:
Assessment is limited to separation by evaporation, filtration and magnetism.

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP3.1:
Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a c

Science and Engineering Practices - 6-8.SEP3.2:
Collect data to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer scientific questions or test design solutions under a range of conditions.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.MS.PS.1.8.DCI:
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter •(NYSED) Mixtures are physical combinations of one or more samples of matter and can be separated by physical means.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.9:
Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure.