Clarification Statement - S.5.PS.2.1.CS:
“Down” is a local description of the direction that points toward the center of the spherical Earth.

Assessment Boundary - S.5.PS.2.1.AB:
Assessment does not include mathematical representation of gravitational force.

Science and Engineering Practices - 3-5.SEP7.4:
Support an argument with evidence, data, or a model.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.5.PS.2.1.DCI:
PS2.B: Types of Interactions •The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC2.4:
Cause and effect relationships are routinely identified, tested, and used to explain change.

Assessment Boundary - S.5.ESS.1.1.AB:
Assessment is limited to relative distances, not sizes, of stars. Assessment does not include other factors that affect apparent brightness (such as stellar masses, age, stage).

Science and Engineering Practices - 3-5.SEP7.4:
Support an argument with evidence, data, or a model.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.5.ESS.1.1.DCI:
ESS1.A: The Universe and its Stars •The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their distance from Earth.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC7.2:
Natural objects exist from the very small to the immensely large.

Clarification Statement - S.5.ESS.1.2.CS:
Examples of patterns could include the position and motion of Earth with respect to the sun and selected stars that are visible only in particular months.

Assessment Boundary - S.5.ESS.1.2.AB:
Assessment does not include causes of seasons.

Science and Engineering Practices - 3-5.SEP4.2:
Represent data in tables and various graphical displays (bar graphs and pictographs) to reveal patterns that indicate relationships.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.5.ESS.1.2.DCI:
ESS1.B: Earth and the Solar System •The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and night; daily changes in the length and direction of shadows; and different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at different times of the day, month, and year.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC1.8:
Similarities and differences in patterns can be used to sort, classify, communicate and analyze simple rates of change for natural phenomena.