Content Specification - SS.9.5.b.1:
Students will examine the location and relative size of postclassical states and empires at the height of their power including the Abbasid Caliphate, Byzantine Empire, Mongol Empire, and Song and Tang dynasties, noting relative position, power within their regions and the areas they influenced.

Content Specification - SS.9.5.b.2:
Students will compare and contrast the empire‐building processes of the Mongols and the Islamic caliphates, noting important disruptions in other regions.