Content Specification - SS.11.4.a.1:
Students will examine the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments and consider the role of Radical Republicans in Reconstruction.

Content Specification - SS.11.4.a.2:
Students will investigate the ways individuals, groups, and government institutions limited the rights of African Americans, including the use of Black Codes, the passage of Jim Crow laws, the Ku Klux Klan, restrictions on voting rights, and Supreme Court cases including the Civil Rights Cases (1883) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).

Content Specification - SS.11.4.a.3:
Students will examine the ways in which freedmen attempted to build independent lives including activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau, creation of educational institutions, and political participation.

Content Specification - SS.11.4.a.4:
Students will examine the impact of the election of 1876 and the compromise of 1877on African Americans.

Content Specification - SS.11.4.b.1:
Students will examine the exclusion of women from the 14th and 15th amendments and the subsequent struggle for voting and increased property rights in the late 19th century, including the work of Susan B. Anthony.

Content Specification - SS.11.4.c.1:
Students will examine the economic impacts of the Homestead Act (1862) and the Pacific Railway Act (1862) on westward expansion.

Content Specification - SS.11.4.c.2:
Students will examine the effect of federal policies on Native Americans on the Great Plains including reservation policies, the Dawes Act (1887), and forced acculturation efforts (Carlisle Indian School).

Content Specification - SS.11.4.d.1:
Students will analyze relevant provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo as compared with the actual treatment of Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the Southwest, including California, from 1848 to 1900.

Content Specification - SS.11.4.d.2:
Students will examine the contributions of Chinese to the national economy and reasons for nativist opposition to their continued immigration (Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882).