Content Specification - SS.9.8.a.1:
Students will locate the extent of the Songhai and East African states in Africa and the Aztec and Incan empires in the Americas using an Atlantic Ocean‐centered map. Students will examine the adaptations made to the environment by the Aztecs and Incas.

Content Specification - SS.9.8.a.2:
Students will examine the relationships with neighboring peoples in the region considering warfare, tribute, and trade.

Content Specification - SS.9.8.a.3:
Students will examine the influence of Islam on the growth of trade networks and power relations in the Songhai Empire and in East African city‐states.

Content Specification - SS.9.8.b.1:
Students will examine the role of nature and the traditional religious beliefs in the Americas and Africa (e.g., animism) during this period.

Content Specification - SS.9.8.b.2:
Students will explore the relationships between religious beliefs and political power in the Aztec and Inca empires.

Content Specification - SS.9.8.c.1:
Students will investigate the achievements and contributions of the Aztec, Inca, and Songhai empires.