Clarification Statement - S.HS.PS.4.3.CS:
Emphasis is on how the experimental ev idence supports the claim and how a theory is generally modified in light of new ev idence. Examples of a phenomenon could include resonance, interference, diffraction, and photoelectric effect.

Assessment Boundary - S.HS.PS.4.3.AB:
Assessment does not include using quantum theory Assessment of the photoelectric effect is limited to qualitative descriptions.

Science and Engineering Practices - 9-12.SEP7.1:
Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.

Disciplinary Core Ideas - S.HS.PS.4.3.DCI:
PS4.A: Wave Properties •[From the 3–5 grade band endpoints] Waves can add or cancel one another as they cross, depending on their relative phase (i.e., relative position of peaks and troughs of the waves), but they emerge unaffected by each other. (Boundary: The discussion at this grade level is qualitative only; it can be based on the fact that two different sounds can pass a location in different directions without getting mixed up.) PS4.B: Electromagnetic Radiation •Electromagnetic radiation (e.g., radio, microwaves, light) can be modeled as a wave of changing electric and magnetic fields or as particles called photons. The wave model is useful for explaining many features of electromagnetic radiation, and the particle model explains other features.

Crosscutting Concepts - CC3.8:
Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) can be used to simulate systems and interactions—including energy, matter, and information flows—within and between systems at different scales.