Two Weeks

Reconstruction

Essential Question: How did a deeply divided nation move forward after the Civil War?

Key Ideas/Learning Targets:

1. During Reconstruction, the president and Congress fought over how to rebuild the South.

• I can identify goals of presidential Reconstruction and summarize its successes and failures.
• I can explain the laws passed to enforce the goals of Congressional Reconstruction.
• I can describe how Reconstruction affected national politics and governments in the South.

2. As the South rebuilt, millions of freed African Americans worked to improve their lives.

• I can explain how former slaves responded to their new freedom.
• I can describe the new systems of land ownership, work contracts, and sharecropping.
• I can summarize ways the Ku Klux Klan resisted Reconstruction.

3. As white Southerners regained power in Congress, Reconstruction ended, as did African-American advances towards equality.

• I can describe the Republican Party's efforts to protect African-Americans' rights.
• I can identify reasons why Reconstruction weakened.
• I can explain the events that led to the end of Reconstruction.

Content Reqs for Key Idea #1: Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln's views Johnson's views Freedman's Bureau 13th Amendment Congressional Reconstruction Radical Republicans Fourteenth Amendment scalawags & carpetbaggers Johnson impeachment

Content Reqs for Key Idea #2: New freedoms for former slaves freedman's schools land ownership contract system vs. sharecropping Ku Klux Klan lynchings

Content Reqs for Key Idea #3: Grant's election Fifteenth Amendment Grant's failure as president Panic of 1873 US v Cruikshank US v Reese Compromise of 1877

1. Reconstruction - period from 1865 to 1877 in which the US government attempted to rebuild Southern society and governments

2. Freedmen’s Bureau - federal agency set up to help former slaves

3. black codes - laws that limited the freedoms of former slaves

4. scalawag - white southerner who supported Reconstruction

5. carpetbagger - northerner who went to the South after the Civil War to participate in Reconstruction

6. amnesty - official pardon or forgiveness

7. civil rights - rights granted to all citizens

8. impeach - to formally accuse the president of misconduct in office

9. sharecropping - system under which landowners give poor farmers seed, tools, an land to cultivate in exchange for part of their harvest

10. Ku Klux Klan - secret group that used violence to try to restore Democratic control of the South and keep African Americans powerless

11. lynch - to kill by hanging without due process of the law

12. Panic of 1873 - financial panic in which banks closed and the stock market crashed

1.  Compare and contrast Reconstruction plans.

2.  Analyze and construct a response to the question, "Was Reconstruction a success or failure?"

3.  View Reconstruction through the lense of a variety of groups who experienced it.

Three Weeks

Growth in the West

Essential Question: How did the nation change as a result of westward movement after the Civil War?

Key Ideas/Learning Targets:

1. A railroad, completed in 1869, spanned the continent and helped open up the way for settlers in the West.

• I can describe how the transcontinental railroad was built.
• I can summarize how the railroads changed the nation.

2. The mining and cattle industries contributed to population growth in western territories.

• I can explain how the discovery of gold and silver in the West caused a population surge.
• I can summarize the growth and decline of the long drives in the cattle industry.
• I can compare the myths and realities of the West during this time.
• I can identify forces that increased population in western cities and in the Southwest.

3. Native Americans of the Great Plains fought to maintain their way of life as settlers poured onto their lands. I can describe Native American life on the Great Plains.

• I can identify ways Native Americans tried to resist efforts by the settlers to take their lands.
• I can summarize the forces that led to the end of traditional Native American life.

4. A wave of farmers moved to the Plains in the 1800s and faced many economic problems.

• I can explain the  land policies.
• I can describe farm life on the Great Plains
• I can summarize how and why farmers organized to gain political power.
• I can describe the closing of the frontier and historical views on it.

Content Reqs for Key Idea #1: transcontinental railroad ($, labor, and geo) impact of railroad (time & trade)

Content Reqs for Key Idea #2: "gold fever" boomtowns & ghosttowns cattle industry "Cattle Kingdom" long drives life in the Wild West (crime & cultures)

Content Reqs for Key Idea #3: Native American life on the Plains Fort Laramie Treaty Sand Creek Massacre Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse Custer & the Little Bighorn Chief Joseph Geronimo Dawes Act Wounded Knee Massacre

Content Reqs for Key Idea #4:Homestead Act Exodusters Farm Life on the Plains Problems of Farmers Grange Populist Party gold standard William Jennings Bryan

1. transcontinental railroad - railroad that spanned the continent

2. Great Plains - the area from thee Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains

3. frontier - parts of the West that were occupied mainly by Native Americans, rather than settlers. 

4. solar time - time based on calculations of the sun’s passage across the sky

5. standard time - the time zones devised by railroad companies

6. vaquero - spanish term for cowhand

7. long drive - journey that takes cattle by foot to a railway

8. vigilante - person who takes the law into his or her own hands

9. Mexicano - Spanish word for a person of Mexican heritage

10. boomtown - town that experiences sudden growth in population or economic activity

11. Sand Creek Massacre - 1864 attack in which as many as 200 Cheyenne were killed by the Colorado militia

12. Sitting Bull - Sioux chief who led the attack on Custer at the Little Bighorn

13. George A. Custer - commander of US troops at the Battle of the Little Bighorn

14. Battle of the Little Bighorn - 1876 battle in which Sioux and Cheyenne killed an entire force of U.S. troops

15. Dawes Act - 1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native Americans in hopes of turning them into farmers

16. Wounded Knee Massacre - mass killing by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890

17. Homestead Act - 1862 law that offered 160 acres free to anyone who agreed to live on and improve the land for 5 years

18. Grange - organization formed in 1867 to meet the social needs of farm families

19. Populist Party - political party formed in the 1890s that wanted a policy that would raise crop prices

20. gold standard - a policy under which the government backs every dollar with a certain amount of gold.

1. What reasons did various groups of Americans head West to start a new life

2. Looking at the deteriorating relationship between Native Americans and white Americans clashing. 

3. The impact of the Cattle Kingdom leading to the growth of trade in Texas and other southern states. 

4. Map out significant events and places in the western part of America and how they all inter-related to each other (Project)

5. Examine the effects of Transcontinental RR on westward movement and impact on Native Americans.

6. Compose a DBQ essay about the impact of westward movement on the West.

7. Discuss Native American responses (Indian Wars) to westward settlement.

8. Describe opportunities available to people in the West and how it led to the growth of western settlement.

Three Weeks

Industrialization & Immigration

Essential Question: What new problems and opportunities developed as America became an industrial power?

Key Ideas/Learning Targets:

1. New inventions and corporations created the Gilded Age of industrial growth and great wealth for a few.

• I can describe the growth created by the Industrial Revolution and changes in American life.
• I can compare corporations with privately-owned businesses and describe how they changed the American business world.
• I can summarize the results of economic growth.

2. Immigration and industrializtion spurred the rapid growth of America's cities.

I can identify reasons why cities grew quickly and how urban life changed.

I can describe the new immigrants and their settlement patterns.

I can explain the process of assimilation and native reactions to the new immigrants.

I can summarize problems created by rapid urban growth and tell why political machines controlled certain cities.

3. Segregation and discrimination against African Americans were commonplace in the years after the Civil War.

• I can describe the history of racism in America, the increase in segregation and violence and the development of Jim Crow laws.
• I can summarize the responses to racism of African Americans and contrast the approaches of Washington and Du Bois.

4. As business leaders guided industrial expansion, workers organized to gain their new rights.

• I can list reasons why workers organized unions and identify issues in early labor unions.
• I can describe the struggle between business and labor, including early setbacks, gains, and strikes.

5. Industrialization and new technology created a mass culture in the United States.

• I can identify causes and effects of expanded education and publishing during this historical period.
• I can describe the development of the consumer society and mass culture.

Content Reqs for Key Idea #1: Causes of industrial growth Edison and electricity Bell and the telephone new inventions corporations vs. private businesses Rockefeller/Carnegie/Vanderbilt robber barons captains of industry the business cycle the "Gilded Age"

Content Reqs for Key Idea #2: urbanization immigrant waves Ellis Island/Angel Island ethnic neighborhoods melting pot assimilation nativists reactions sweatshops Chinese Exclusion Act problems of urbanization tenements/slums political machines Tammany Hall/Boss Tweed

Content Reqs for Key Idea #3: Jim Crow and segregation Plessy v. Ferguson Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois NAACP

Content Reqs for Key Idea #4: reasons for labor organization Knights of Labor Business vs. Labor conflicts Haymarket Affair Samuel Gompers/AFL Homestead Strike Pullman Strike Eugene Debs

Content Reqs for Key Idea #5: leisure education journalism Pulitizer vs. Hearst consumer culture advertising mass culture vaudevill ragtime

1. robber baron - a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods

2. Gilded Age - late 1800s era of fabulous wealth

3. corporation - a business owned by investors who buy part of it through shares of stock

4. monopoly - business that gains control of an industry by eliminating other competitors

5. trust - a legal body created to hold stock in many companies, often within an industry

6. assimilation - process of blending into society by adopting the dominant culture

7. urbanization - growth of cities resulting from industrialization

8. sweatshop - place where workers work long hours under poor conditions for low wages

9. tenements - run-down and overcrowded apartment houses

10. slum - neighborhood with overcrowded and dangerous housing

11. political machine - organization that controls a local government

12. Jim Crow - laws enacted in Southern states designed to separate white and black people

13. segregation - the separation of races, especially in public places

14. Plessy v. Ferguson - 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld  the legality of segregation

15. NAACP - organization created in 1909 that worked to end segregation

16. Knights of Labor - an organization of workers from all trades after the Civil War

17. socialism - system in which the government controls the economy

18. mass culture - common culture experienced by a large number of people 

19. vaudeville - live entertainment that featured song, dance, and comedy

20. leisure - freedom from time-consuming duties

Two Weeks

The Progressive Era

Essential Question: How did Americans benefit from progressive reforms?

Key Ideas/Learning Targets:

1. Progressive reformers promoted social welfare, expanded democracy, and created economic reform.

• I can identify the goals of the Progressive Movement.
• I can analyze Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal.
• I can explain Roosevelt's civil rights dilemma.

2. Progressive reforms continued under Presidents William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson.

• I can evaluate Taft's progressive policies.
• I can summarize Wilson's record as a progressive president.

3. During the Progressive era, women became leaders in reform movements and won the right to vote.

• I can identify new roles for women.
• I can describe the contributions of women progressive leaders.
• I can analyze the events that led to suffrage for women.

Content Reqs for Key Idea #1: goals of Progressivism muckrakers/methods political reforms economic reforms Teddy Roosevelt/Square Deal

Content Reqs for Key Idea #2: William Howard Taft 16th/17th Amendments Election of 1912/Bull Moose Party Wilson's economic reforms

Content Reqs for Key Idea #3: new roles for women women and Progressivism Jane Addams/settlement houses Prohibition/18th Amendment women's suffrage - leaders

1. progressivism - reform movement that sought to raise living standards and correct wrongs in American society
2. muckraker -writer who exposed corruption in American society
3. patronage - exchanging government jobs and contracts for political support
4. Sherman Antitrust Act - law that made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts
5. direct primary - primary election in which voters, not party officials, choose candidates for public office
6.conservation - controlling resource usage
7. Sixteenth Amendment - amendment that gave Congress the power to create income tax
8. Seventeenth Amendment - amendment that provided for direct election of U.S. senators
9. Bull Moose Party - progressive political party in 1912 presidential election
10. Clayton Antitrust Act - law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act’s power
11. Federal Reserve Act - law that created the modern banking system
12. prohibition - legal ban on the production, possession, and sale of alcohol
13. Eighteenh Amendment - constitutional amendment enacting Prohibition
14. Nineteenth Amendment - constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote

15. settlement house - community center providing help to immigrants and the poor

Two Weeks

Becoming a World Power

Essential Question: How did America's growing power affect its relationship with other nations?

Key Ideas/Learning Targets:

1. The United States took its first steps in becoming a world power by acquiring Alaska and Hawaii.

• I can identify the reasons why the United States became an imperial power.
• I can explaion how the United States gained possession of Alaska and Hawaii.

2. The United States went to war with Spain and won colonies in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

• I can explain why the United States went to war with Spain over Cuba in 1898.
• I can describe the battles for the Phillipines and Cuba.
• I can analyze different viewpoints on the new American empire.

3. The United States expanded its influence in China and in Latin America, and built the Panama Canal.

• I can explain how the United States became a power in the Pacific.
• I can summarize U.S interests in Latin America.

Content Reqs for Key Idea #1: manifest destiny reasons for imperialism Seward's Folly/Purchase of Alaska annexation of Hawaii value of Hawaii (harbor/fuel/base)

Content Reqs for Key Idea #2: political climate of Cuba yellow journalism U.S.S. Maine Spanish-American War George Dewey Teddy Roosevelt/Rough Riders Platt Amendment Anti-Imperialist League

Content Reqs for Key Idea #3: Commodore Perry/Japan spheres of influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion Panama Canal (motive/challenges) Monroe Doctrine/Roosevelt Corrollary

1. dollar diplomacy-the idea that the US should use trade rather than warships to influence Latin America, US intervention on behalf of its business interests 
2. Foraker Act-Set up a new gov’t in Puerto Rico which gave them only a limited say in their gov’t
3. isolationism –national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
4. imperialism –when a stronger country controls the economic, political & social affairs of a weaker area or region
5. manifest destiny - belief US should expand its territory from coast to coast
6. Monroe Doctrine –Warned European nations not to interfere in Latin America, it was our backyard
7.Open Door Policy- US document; says all nations can trade with China freely
8. Platt Amendment –this was forced on Cuba by the US & it limited their abilities to rule themselves
9. Panama Canal- a waterway; connected the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, cut through the Isthmus of Panama and saved 8,000 miles of sea travel
10. Remember the Maine!” -the rallying cry for those people who wanted war with Spain; a newspaper headline
11. Roosevelt Corollary –US addition to the Monroe Doctrine, the US could intervene in LA to keep law & order
12. “Seward’s Folly” –Secretary of State Seward bought Alaska for $7.2 million ($.02 an acre), people thought it was nothing more than a barren, icy land.
13. sphere of influence - section of a nation where one foreign nation enjoys special rights and trading privileges
14. Treaty of Kanagawa-Treaty b/w US & Japan-Japan agrees to trade w/US
15. U.S.S. Maine-US naval ship, exploded in Cuban Harbor, outcry over this started the Spanish American War
16. yellow journalism - news reporting that contains untruths & exaggerations
17. Pearl Harbor - US naval base in Hawaii
18. Commodore Matthew Perry - US naval officer sent on a trade mission to Japan in 1852 
19. Anti-Imperialist League - group of influential Americans who believed the United States should not deny other people the right to govern themselves. 

20.Commodore George Dewey  - US naval officer who defeated the Spanish fleet during the Spanish-American War.

1.  Idenitify reasons for American Imperialism

2.  Complete an American Imperialism graphic organizer that describes US involvement in Asia and the Caribbean.

3.  Construct and label a map of American imperialism in the Pacific

4.  Discuss the various methods used by the US to gain access to new territories/regions.

Two Weeks

World War I and Its Legacy

Essential Question: How did World War I impact America and transform Europe?

Key Ideas & Learning Targets:
1. After the outbreak of World War I, the United States eventually joined the Allies to fight against the Central Powers.
 I can analyze the causes of World War I.
 I can explain how the United States became involved in the war.
2. The war required sacrifice for Americans at home and changed their daily lives.
 I can describe the social change brought about in America as the country raised an army and navy.
 I can explain how the government rallied the country to support the war effort.
3. U.S. forces helped the Allies win World War I.
 I can explain how American efforts helped to win the war for the Allies.
 I can summarize how World War I came to an end and what its effects were.
4. The war left Americans divided over foreign policy and domestic issues.
 I can compare and contrast the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson's plans for peace.
 I can analyze the social changes that occurred after the war.

1. Allies -France, Russia, & Britain w/their allies (AKA Triple Entente)

2. Archduke Franz Ferdinand –next in line to become the king of Austria-Hungary, his assassination led to the start of WWI

3. armistice –a cease fire agreement

4. Bolsheviks –Russian Communists—launched a revolution against the Russian czar 

5. Central Powers -Germany, Austria-Hungary & Ottoman Empire w/their allies (AKA Triple Alliance)

6. Fourteen Points –Pres. Wilson’s plan for a peace settlement after WWI—not all points were put into the treaty ending WWI

7. Great Migration-the movement of large numbers of African Americans North in search of jobs due to WWI

8. imperialism –when a stronger nation controls a weaker area/region economically, politically, socially 

9. Kaiser –German Emperor

10. Liberty Bonds –used to help the gov’t raise money—citizen were lending money to the gov’t for the war effort

11. Lusitania –ship with US passengers sunk during WWI by the Germans May 7, 1915

12. militarism –building up of armed forces in preparation for war 

13. mobilize –preparing for war—troops, vehicles, etc. . .

14. nationalism –pride or devotion to one’s nation 

15. “no-man’s land” –the land between the front line of trenches during WWI

16. pacifists –people who refuse to fight in any war

17. propaganda –spreading of ideas or beliefs thru posters, songs, loudspeakers, etc.

18. reparations –payment of war damages

19. Selective Service Act –passed by Congress; required all young men from age 21 to 30 to register for the military draft. 

20. stalemate –no one wins—neither side is strong enough to defeat the other

21. Treaty of Versailles –treaty which ended WWI

22. trench warfare –opposing armies battle each other from trenches (ditches) 

23. V. I. Lenin –led the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution—became the first Communist ruler of Russia

24. “victory gardens” –gardens planted to help war effort—for our boys at war!

25. Zimmerman telegram –secret note sent by Germany to its Minister in Mexico.

~Two Weeks

The Roaring Twenties

How did American society change during the 1920s?

Key Ideas & Learning Targets:
1. During the 1920s, most Americans were eager for a "return to normalcy" and prosperity.
 I can explain why Warren G. Harding appealed to many voters in 1920.
 I can summarize how the economy grew and struggled in the late 1920s.
 I can describe the scandal that overshadowed Harding's presidency and how Calvin Coolidge minimized damage.
2. Changes in the roles of women and in popular culture led to new attitudes and lifestyles, but also to conflicts in society.
 I can describe daily life in the 1920s.
3. After World War I, African Americans confronted new challenges and made great contributions to American culture.
 I can describe reactions to racial tensions that occurred in the 1920s.
 I can explain the significance of the Harlem Renaissance.

1. Warren G. Harding - 29th president, served from 1921-1923 with a focus on peace abroad and prosperity at home

2. assembly line - manufacturing using a conveyor belt to move materials to workers who stay in one place and work

3. installment buying - paying for items in small monthly payments

4. Teapot Dome Scandal - corruption by a Harding cabinet member; who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands

5. Calvin Coolidge - 30th president, served from 1923-1929 with a pro-business aim

6. laissez-faire economics - theory that business, if free of government regulation, will act in ways that will benefit the nation

7. credit - arrangement for delayed payment of a load or purchase

8. tariff - tax on imported (foreign) good

9. flapper - a young women eager to try the latest fashion, dance, or fad

10. Jazz Age - name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz - a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime

11. mass media - communications that reach a large audience

12. popular culture - movies, fashions, songs, slang, and other expressions of culture that appeal to many people

13. Prohibition - legal ban on alcohol imposed by the 18th Amendment

14. speakeasies - nightclubs that illegally served alcohol

15. fundamentalism - belief that every word of the Bible is literally true

16. evolution - scientific theory of how life forms developed over millions of years

17. Marcus Garvey - leader who called for a return to Africa to form a separate nation there

18. Harlem Renaissance - a burst of African-American culture in the 1920s & 1930s

19. Langston Hughes - Harlem Renaissance poet

20. Lost Generation - Americans who became disillusioned with society after WWI

21. expatriate - a citizen of one country who lives in another country

22. materialistic - putting value on material things above intellectual or spiritual things

23. Ku Klux Klan - racist group that used violence to keep former slaves powerless and America “racially and morally pure”

24. NAACP - (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) group formed in 1909 to protect the rights of African Americans 

~Two weeks

The Great Depression & the New Deal

How did the government react to the crisis of the Great Depression?

Key Ideas & Learning Targets:
1. When the prosperity of the 1920s collapsed, President Herbert Hoover struggled to address the country's economic problems.
 I can explain why the prosperity of the 1920s was misleading.
 I can identify events that led to the Great Depression.
 I can describe President Herbert Hoover's policies for dealing with the Depression and America's response to those policies.
2. President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched an aggressive program to fight the Great Depression.
 I can summarize the steps FDR took to boost public confidence and bring relief to those who suffered economic distress.
 I can explain the purpose and scope of Roosevelt's Second New Deal.
 I can identify reasons why the New Deal slowed down.
3. The Great Depression and the policies of the New Deal forever changed American society and government.
 I can describe the effects of the drought on the Great Plains and the effects of unemployment on millions of Americans.
 I can explain how the Depression inspired artistic and cultural achievements.
 I can summarize the ways in which minorities were affected by the Depression.
 I can evaluate the impact of the New Deal on American society.

1. Herbert Hoover - Republican president who failed to halt the Great Depression

*2. Stock Market Crash of 1929 - plunge in stock market prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression

*3. Great Depression - the serious and world-wide economic decline of the 1930s

*4. Bonus Army - World War I veterans who came to Washington seeking early payment of bonuses for wartime service

5. speculation - buying and selling risky items in the hope of making a quick profit

*6. public works - government-funded projects to assist individuals, families, and communities in need

7. credit- arrangement for delaying payment of a loan or purchase

8. economic depression - severe economic slump

*9. Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Democratic president who created the New Deal to counter the effects of the Great Depression

10. First New Deal - 1933–1935 program created by President Roosevelt to fight the Depression

*11. Twentieth Amendment - constitutional amendment moving presidential inauguration from March to January

*12. Hundred Days - March 9 to mid-June 1933 congressional session in which many laws designed to fight the Depression were passed 

*13. fireside chats - series of radio talks in which FDR explained his policies in a casual style

14. Second New Deal - 1935–1937 extension of Roosevelt’s First New Deal

*15. Social Security Act - law creating fund for assisting retired workers and the unemployed

*16. deficit spending - using borrowed money to fund government programs

*17. socialism- economic system in which members of a society own businesses equally

*18. Dust Bowl - region including parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico in which farms were damaged by dust storms

*19. Eleanor Roosevelt - wife of FDR who helped him monitor New Deal programs and became a strong voice for women and minorities

20. Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) - labor union; included skilled and unskilled workers; open to women and minorities

*21. American Federation of Labor (AFL) - largest labor union; more selective than CIO

*22. sit-down strike - union tactic in which workers stayed idle in a plant rather than walking out

23. Liberal - someone who favors federal government action to bring about social and economic reform

24.Conservative- someone who favors restricted policies in social and economic reform

~Three Weeks

The Rise of Dictators & World War II

Essential Question: How did World War II transform America and the world?

Key Ideas & Learning Targets:
1. The rise of dictators led to World War II.
 I can understand how dictators took power in several European countries.
 I can identify the countries dictators invaded before the war began.
 I can describe why and how World War II began.
2. Americans at home made great contributions to the Allied victory.
 I can describe the social changes brought about by World War II.
 I can explain why Japanese-Americans were sent to internment camps.
3. The Allies defeated the Axis Powers in Europe and Africa.
 I can analyze how the Allies advanced in Europe and North America.
 I can summarize how Germany was put on the defensive on the Eastern and Western fronts.
 I can describe how the Allies achieved victory in Europe and the horrors they discovered.
4. After early losses, the Allies defeated the Japanese in the Pacific.
 I can describe how Japan extended its empire at the beginning of the war.
 I can explain how the Allies recaptured much of the territory the Japanese had invaded.
 I can summarize how the United States developed atomic weapons and ended the war with them.
5. World War II had deep and lasting effects on the United States and the world.
 I can describe the human and economic costs of the war and contrast the impact on the United States with that of other nations.
 I can explain steps that were taken to create a more peaceful world after the war.
 I can summarize the changes that occurred in America and the world after the war ended.

1. Benito Mussolini - Italian Fascist Dictator

2. fascism - Political philosophy that calls for a strong nationalistic dictatorship

3. Adolph Hitler - German dictator, Nazi Party head

4. Joseph Stalin - Communist dictator of the Soviet Union

5. Neville Chamberlain - Prime Minister of Great Britain, made Munich Agreement with Hitler

6. appeasement - Meeting demands of a hostile power in order to avoid war

7. blitzkrieg - German “lightning war” tactics

8. Pearl Harbor - US naval base attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941; “date that will live in infamy”

9. Hideki Tojo - Prime Minister of Japan

10. A. Phillip Randolph - African-American labor leader active during World War II

11. Rosie the Riveter -  a character who symbolized women in manufacturing jobs

12. Japanese-American internment - the removal of Japanese Americans from the West to prison camps during World War II. 

13. Nisei- Japanese Americans born in the United States

14. rationing - the distribution of scarce resources and products

15. war bonds - loans that the government promised to repay with interest

16. General Erwin Rommel - German commander in North Africa

17. General Dwight D. Eisenhower - Supreme Allied Commander in Europe

18. D-Day - Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

19. Holocaust - Nazi German crime of killing more than 11 million Jews and other persecuted peoples in concentration camps

20. anti-Semitism - prejudice against Jews

21. Battle of Midway - US victory over Japan that proved to be the turning point of the war in the Pacific

22. Manhattan Project - top-secret government project to develop the atomic bomb

23. kamikaze- Japanese suicide pilots

24. Nuremberg Trials - war crime trials of Nazi leaders in Nuremberg, Germany

~Two Weeks

The Cold War & the American Dream

Essential Question: How did the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affect the nation?

Key Ideas & Learning Targets:
1. The rise of dictators led to World War II.
 I can summarize how the United States' economy and political climate changed after World War II.
 I can describe the origins and expansion of the Cold War.
 I can explain how fear of communism affected people in the United States.
2. The Cold War and the Korean War produced a wave of anticommunist sentiment.
 I can identify events leading to the Korean War and the war's outcome.
 I can explain the significance of McCarthyism to the American people.
 I can describe how the Cold War affected countries around the world.
3. Economic growth and the Cold War caused many changes in American society.
 I can describe the American dream achieved by many people in the 1950s.
 I can identify groups who did not prosper in the 1950s.
 I can summarize the cultural influences on children and teenagers in the 1950s.

1. Harry S. Truman - U.S. president from 1945 to 1953

2. Fair Deal - social reforms proposed by Truman; built on Roosevelt’s New Deal

3. Cold War - conflict between the United States and Soviet Union following World War II

4. Truman Doctrine - policy promising aid to countries fighting to maintain democracies

5. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a military alliance that included Canada, the United States and ten European countries

6. containment - policy to stop the spread of communism

7. Joseph McCarthy - senator who accused many Americans of having Communist ties

8. 38th Parallel - lines of latitude dividing North and South Korea

9. Korean War - conflict involving U.S.-led UN forces against North Korea and China

10. arms race - competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to develop more destructive weapons

11. H-bomb - hydrogen bomb

12. space race - competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to lead in space exploration

13. brinkmanship - policy of going to the brink of war to combat communism

14. rock’n’roll - musical style based on rhythm and blues that became popular in the 1950s

15. baby boom - a sharp increase in the U.S. birthrate following World War II

16. suburbs - residential areas surrounding a city

17. sunbelt - warmer states in the southern and southwestern United States

18. conform - to agree with the beliefs and ideas of the majority

~Two Weeks

The Civil Rights Era

How did Americans respond to discrimination during the Civil Rights Era?

Content for Key Idea #1:
civil rights
black codes
Reconstruction Amendments
Supreme Court cases
JIm Crows Laws
NAACP

Content for Key Idea #2:
Brown v. Board of Education
integration
Thurgood Marshall
Montgomery Bus Boycott
activism
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Rosa Parks
Southern Christain Leadership Conf.
Little Rock Nine
Greensboro sit-ins
Student Nonviolent Coord. Comm.

Content for Key Idea #3:
JFK and civil rights
Congress of Racial Equality
Birmingham protests
March on Washington
MLK "I Have a Dream"
JFK Assassination
LBJ as president
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Freedom Summer
Voting Rights Act
LBJ's Great Society
MLK vs. Malcom X

Content for Key Idea #4:
Cesar Chavez
Delores Huerta
Mexican-American farm workers
La Raza United
Native American activism
assimilate
National Congress of American Ind.
women's movement
discrimination against women
Betty Friedman
Bella Abzug
Gloria Steinem
National Organization for Women

1. segregation- separation, especially of races

2. civil rights - rights granted to all citizens

3. black codes - laws passed by Southern states that limited the freedoms of former slaves

4. Jim Crow Laws - laws meant to enforce separation of white and black people in public places in the South

5. integrate - to open to people of all races or ethnic groups

6. sit-in - protest in which people sit in a place and refuse to move until their demands are met

7. grassroots- group of ordinary people who come together at a local level for a cause

8. activism- direct action taken to support or oppose a social or political goal

9. Great Society - President Johnson’s programs to help the disenfranchised, poor, elderly, and women

10. disenfranchised- people deprived of legal rights, especially the right to vote

11. abridged- shortened

12. assimilate- to blend into society

13. Freedom Rides - protests against segregation on interstate busing in the South

14.March on Washington - huge civil rights demonstration in Washington, DC in 1963

15. CORE- organization that planned Freedom Rides

16. Freedom Summer - 1964 voter-registration drive for African Americans in the South

17. NOW- organization founded in 1966 to get women good jobs at equal pay

18. Equal Rights Amendment - amendment proposed that would give equality of rights regardless of sex

1. Between the 1870s and the 1950s, African Americans lost many of the civil rights they had gained during Reconstruction.
 I can explain how governmental policies both helped and hurt African Americans after Reconstruction.
 I can identify ways in which African Americans sought to improve their lives and fight for social justice.
2. Changes after World War II helped African Americans make progress in their struggle for equality.
 I can describe the efforts of civil rights workers to protest discimination against African Americans after segregation policies expanded.
 I can explain how opponents of racial equality reacted to civil rights demonstrations and how civil rights workers responded.
3. The civil rights movement led to the end of segregation.
 I can describe the tactics used by civil rights activists to increase public awareness of discrimination towards African Americans.
 I can explain the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act.
 I can identify conflicts in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s and the ramifications of those conflicts.
4. The African-American struggle for equality inspired other groups in their fight for Civil Rights.
 I can summarize the efforts of Mexican Americans and Native Americans to seek equality in the United States.
 I can explain the ways in which women were still discriminated against after World War II.

~ Three Weeks

The Vietnam War Years

What were the causes and effects of America's involvement in the Vietnam War?

1. communism- system of government in which the government plans and controls the economy

2. guerilla warfare - surprise attacks by small bands of fighters

3. escalation - policy of increasing military involvement in Vietnam

4. napalm - jellied gasoline that burns violently

5. Agent Orange - chemical that kills plants

6. counterculture - movement of mostly young Americans who opposed the Vietnam War and injustices in society

7. doves- U.S. citizens who opposed the Vietnam War

8. hawks- U.S. citizens who supported the Vietnam War

9. Vietnamization - strategy for withdrawing U.S. troops and turning ground fighting over to the South Vietnamese

10. War Powers Act- legislation passed in 1973 to limit the president’s war-making powers

11. domino theory- belief that if a country fell to communism, nearby countries would follow

12. Bay of Pigs Invasion- failed U.S attempt to overthrow Cuba’s communist leader

13. Cuban Missile Crisis - 1962 confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union caused by Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba

14.Viet Cong - South Vietnamese who fought to overthrow the South Vietnamese government and reunite Vietnam under communist rule

15. Ho Chi Minh Trail- secret route used by North Vietnamese to send troops and supplies to the Viet Cong

1. The United States intensified its military and political interests in Southeast Asia.
 I can describe the issues in Indochina which led to the Vietnamese revolt.
 I can summarize the history of American support for the French in Indochina and U.S. involvement in the conflict.
 I can describe the events that shaped U.S. policy in Vietnam and how fear of communism drew the U.S. into the war.
2. The United States sent ground troops to Vietnam expecting victory, but soldiers soon grew frustrated.
 I can summarize the decision to begin bombing Vietnam and send direct combat troops there.
 I can contrast the tactics and strengths of Viet Cong and U.S. troops.
 I can describe the Tet offensive and its effects on American opinions.
3. As the war escalated, it divided American society.
 I can describe groups that were opposed to the Vietnam War and their reasons.
 I can identify two basic groups of Americans at the time and some of the reasons they opposed each other.
 I can summarize how the Vietnam War affected American politics, elections, and governmental decisions.
4. The Vietnam War had lasting effects in the United States and Southeast Asia.
 I can identify causes and effects of America's participation in and withdrawal from Vietnam.

~ Two Weeks

America in a Changing World

How have America's strengths helped us to face the challenges of the past five decades?

1. Watergate Scandal - illegal actions by President Nixon and his aides to cover up crimes related to Nixon’s re-election campaign

2. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - nations, mostly in the Middle East, that cut oil shipments to the United States in 1973. 

3. Camp David Accords - 1978 peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, negotiated by President Jimmy Carter

4. inflation - an increase in the prices of goods and services and a decrease in the value of money

5. Iran-Contra Affair - scandal in which the United States sold weapons to Iran and gave the money to Contra rebels in Nicaragua

6. Persian Gulf War - 1990-1991 war in which the United States and the United Nations drove Iraq out of Kuwait

7. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)- 1993 trade agreement that limited tariffs on trade among the United States, Mexico, and Canada

8. entitlements - government programs that guaranteed certain benefits to citizens

9. Kosovo - province of southern Serbia that is inhabited mostly by people of Albanian descent. 

10. George W. Bush- winner of the 2000 election, that was ultimately decided by the Supreme Court

11. 9/11 hijackings- 2001 terrorist plot to crash airplanes into New York’s World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and another target in Washington, D.C.

12. al-Qaeda- terrorist group of radical Islamist fundamentalists

13. coalition - alliance

14.insurgent - one who rebels or revolts

15. baby boom- a sharp increase in the U.S. birthrate after World War II. 

1. President Richard Nixon governed a divided nation and faced a political scandal that forced him to resign.
 I can identify problems that President Nixon faced.
 I can describe ways that Nixon eased Cold War tensions.
 I can summarize the events of the Watergate scandal and its effects on the country.
2. During the 1980s, conservatives reshaped U.S. domestic policy, and world events influenced U.S. foreign policy.
 I can identify the domestic goals of President Reagan.
 I can describe the end of the Cold War and the events leading up to the Persian Gulf War.
 I can summarize the conflicts between Congress and President Clintoln and the United States' role in the war in Kosovo.
3. The United States faces great challenges in the 21st century.
 I can identify the issues in the 2000 election and events that made it so controversial.
 I can describe the events of September 11, 2001, and the ways the United States responded.
 I can summarize the challenges facing the United States in the 21st century and the strengths on which we can build a future.