Last updated: 2/12/2024

PJMS Grade 8 Social Studies

September

(1-2 weeks)

Reconstruction

(1)	SS.8.1	RECONSTRUCTION: Regional tensions following the Civil War complicated efforts to heal the nation and to redefine the status of African Americans.
(1)	SS.8.1.a	Different approaches toward and policies for Reconstruction highlight the challenges faced in reunifying the nation.
(1)	SS.8.1.a.1	Students will compare and contrast the differences between Reconstruction under Lincoln’s plan, Johnson’s plan, and congressional (Radical) Reconstruction.
(1)	SS.8.1.b	Freed African Americans created new lives for themselves in the absence of slavery. Constitutional amendments and federal legislation sought to expand the rights and protect the citizenship of African Americans.
(1)	SS.8.1.b.1	Students will examine the Reconstruction amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th) in terms of the rights and protections provided to African Americans.
(1)	SS.8.1.b.2	Students will examine the Freedmen’s Bureau’s purpose, successes, and the extent of its success.
(1)	SS.8.1.b.3	Students will examine the impacts of the sharecropping system on African Americans.
(1)	SS.8.1.b.4	Students will examine the reasons for the migration of African Americans to the North.
(1)	SS.8.1.b.5	Students will examine the rise of African Americans in government.
(1)	SS.8.1.c	Federal initiatives begun during Reconstruction were challenged on many levels, leading to negative impacts on the lives of African Americans.
(1)	SS.8.1.c.1	Students will explore methods used by Southern state governments to impact the lives of African Americans, including the passage of Black Codes, poll taxes, and Jim Crow laws.
(1)	SS.8.1.c.2	Students will explore the response of some Southerners to the increased rights of African Americans noting the development of organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan and White Leagues.
(1)	SS.8.1.c.3	Students will examine the ways in which the federal government failed to follow up on its promises to freed African Americans.
(1)	SS.8.1.c.4	Students will examine the effects of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling.

Essential Question: How did a deeply divided nation move forward after the Civil War?

Key Question #1: Why did presidential Reconstruction fail under Johnson?

Key Question #2: What were the goals of Congressional Reconstruction?

Key Question #3: What were the effects of Congressional Reconstruction?

Key Question #4: How did formerly enslaved people first respond to freedom?

Key Question #5: What prevented formerly enslaved people from making greater economic advances?

Key Question #6: What were the goals of the Ku Klux Klan?

Key Question #7: How did the Rtepublican Party try to advance the civil rights of African Americans?

Key Question #8: How did Reconstruction lose its strength?

Key Question #9: What finally led to the end of Reconstruction?

1. Reconstruction Plans: Lincoln, Johnson, and Radical

2. Reconstruction Amendments (13,14,15)

3. Freedmen's Bureau

4. Sharecropping

5. Rise of African Ameircans in govenrment

6. Restrictions/Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws

7. KKK

8. Plessy v. Ferguson/segregation

carpetbagger

Jim Crow Laws

Freedman's Bureau

poll taxes

sharecropping

black codes

literacy tests

scalawag

racism

1. Compare and contrast Reconstruction plans.

2. Analyze and construct a response to the question, "Was Reconstruction a success or failure?"

3. View Reconstruction through the lense of a variety of groups who experienced it.

Reconstruction: Can government force people to change?

Reconstruction: Reading Passage

Reconstruction: Poem & Plans

Reconstruction: Life in the South Cornell Notes

Reconstruction: Source Analysis

Reconstruction: Final Product One Nation Now?

Reconstruction: One Nation Now? Article

Reconstruction Outline Notes

Reconstruction Test

September

(1-2 Weeks)

Westward Growth

1. How did Westward expansion affect Native Americans?

2. How did the nation change as a result of westward movement after the Civil War?

3. What trading opportunities developed as more people moved west?

4. How did the nation change as a result of westward expansion?

5. What were the causes of the mining boom?

6. What effect did the RR & mining boom have on the native Americans?

Transcontinental RR/Growth in the West

Mining Boom/Gold Rush

Sitting Bull
Geronimo
Fort Laramie Treaty
Battle of Little BigHorn
Manifest Destiny
Mormons
Standard Time
Wounded Knee Massacre
Dawes Act
Cattle Drives
transcontinental RR
boomtown
ghost town

1. What reasons did various groups of Americans head West to start a new life

2. Looking at the deteriorating relationship between Native Americans and white Americans clashing.

3. The impact of the Cattle Kingdom leading to the growth of trade in Texas and other southern states.

4. Map out significant events and places in the western part of America and how they all inter-related to each other (Project)

5. Examine the effects of Transcontinental RR on westward movement and impact on Native Americans.

6. Compose a DBQ essay about the impact of westward movement on the West.

7. Discuss Native American responses (Indian Wars) to westward settlement.

8. Describe opportunities available to people in the West and how it led to the growth of western settlement.

America Story of Us Video Questions

America Story of Us Video Clip

Groups of People Heading West

Growth in the West Outline Notes

Westward Expansion Test

Growth in the West Map Project

Westward Expansion Vocab Quiz

October

(1-2 Weeks)

Industrial Age

(2)	SS.8.2	A CHANGING SOCIETY: Industrialization and immigration contributed to the urbanization of America. Problems resulting from these changes sparked the Progressive movement and increased calls for reform.
(1)	SS.8.2.c	Increased urbanization and industrialization contributed to increasing conflicts over immigration, influenced changes in labor conditions, and led to political corruption.
(1)	SS.8.2.d	In response to shifts in working conditions, laborers organized and employed a variety of strategies in an attempt to improve their conditions.

1. How did RR expansion affect the United State's economy?

2. How did Americans build fortunes in the oil and steel industries?

3. Why did workers form labor unions at the turn of the century?

4. What new problems and opportunities developed as America became an inudustrial power?

robber baron

captain of industry

corporation

”Big Business”

monopolies

trusts

assembly line/mass production

labor

business cycle

Industrialization and Immigration Outline Notes

Titans of Industry Baseball Card Project

Industrialization and Immigration Test

October

(1-2 Weeks )

Immigration

1. What were the differences between old immigrants and new immigrants?

2. How did the landscape of cities change with the influx of immigrants?

3. Why was their hostility toward immigrants in certain areas of America?

Ellis Island
Push/Pull Factors for Immigrants
Angel Island
Old Immigrants
New Immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act
Tenements

Understanding the reasons why nativists were hostile toward immigrants.
Examine how immigrants were processed at Ellis Island and the challenges they faced upon landing in America.
How immigration influences labor demands and how work is done in factories and in the big cities.

Immigration DBQ Questions

Industrialization and Immigration Outline Notes

Titans of Industry Baseball Card Project

Industrialization and Immigration Test

October to November

(1-2 Weeks)

Urbanization and Labor

(2)	SS.8.2	A CHANGING SOCIETY: Industrialization and immigration contributed to the urbanization of America. Problems resulting from these changes sparked the Progressive movement and increased calls for reform.
(1)	SS.8.2.a	Technological developments changed the modes of production, and access to natural resources facilitated increased industrialization. The demand for labor in urban industrial areas resulted in increased migration from rural areas and a rapid increase in immigration to the United States. New York City became the nation’s largest city and other New York cities experienced growth at this time.
(1)	SS.8.2.b	Population density, diversity, technologies, and industry in urban areas shaped the social, cultural, and economic lives of people.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Union
Strikes
Child Labor
Pullman Strike
Haymarket Riots
Homestead Strike

Industrialization and Immigration Outline Notes

Titans of Industry Baseball Card Project

Industrialization and Immigration Test

November

(3 weeks)

The Progressive Era

(1)	SS.11.5.b.4	Students will examine Progressive Era reforms, such as the 16th and 17th amendments (1913) and the establishment of the Federal Reserve System (1913).
(1)	SS.8.2.e	Progressive era reformers sought to address political and social issues at the local, state, and federal levels of government between 1890 and 1920. These efforts brought renewed attention to women’s rights and the suffrage movement and spurred the creation of government reform policies.

1. How did the progressives fight corruption in business and government?

2. How did reforms affect the lives of women and other groups in the late 1800s?

3. Why were Theodore Rossevelt and William Howard Taft known as progressive presidents?

4. How did nimority grops react to discrimination?

5. How did Americans benefit from progressive reforms?

1. Reformers/Muckrakers

2. Temperance Movement

3. Suffrage Movement

4. Government laws to deall with issues ( child labor laws, FDA, 17th Amendment)

5. Progressive Amendments- 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th

6. Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson

Muckraker

Corruption

Discrimination

Progressivism

equality

1. Define the term muckrakers and idenify target area of reform and methods used by different reformers during the Progressive Era.

2. Construct a Muckraker/Reformer chart to highlight the accomplishments of muckrakers/movements.

3. Complete a Progressive Era graphic organizer that decribes problems, tools of change, and evidence of change of the progressives.

4. Compare the progressive presidencies of Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson.

Progressives and Reformers Outline Notes

Progressives and Reformers Test

Reformers Baseball card Mini-Project

December

(1-2 weeks)

Becoming a World Power

(1)

SS.USAG.U2.II

Factors unifying the United States, 1789-1861

The first and second two-party systems
The market economy and interstate commerce
The Marshall Court

Constitutional stress and crisis

Developing sectional differences and philosophies of government

The growth of urban and industrial patterns of life in the North

the transportation revolution (Erie Canal, rise of the port of New York, New York City's rise as a trade and manufacturing center)
the introduction of the factory system
working conditions
women and work
urban problems

Middle-class and working-class life in the pre-Civil War North (families, gender roles, schooling, childhood, living conditions, status of free blacks)
Foreign immigration and nativist reactions (Jews; Irish mass starvation, 1845-1850; Germans; 1848 refugees; Know Nothings)
Patterns of Southern development (growth of cotton cultivation, movement into the Old Southwest, women on plantations)
Life under slavery (slave laws; material conditions of life; women and children; religious and cultural expression; resistance)

Equal rights and justice: expansion of franchise; search for minority rights; expansion of slavery; abolitionist movement; the underground railroad; denial of Native American Indian rights and land ownership

Political democratization: national political nominating convention, secret ballot
The rise of mass politics (John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, the spoils system, the bank war, Martin Van Buren)
Native Americans

History of Indian relations from 1607
Native American cultural survival strategies (cultural adaptation, cultural revitalization movements, Pan-Indian movements, resistance)
The removal policy: Worcester v. Georgia, 1832

The birth of the American reform tradition (religious and secular roots; public schools; care for the physically disabled and the mentally ill; the problems of poverty and crime; antislavery; women's rights movement)

The great constitutional debates: states' rights versus federal supremacy (nullification); efforts to address slavery issue (Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, fugitive, slave law, Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857); preservation of the Union

Territorial expansion through diplomacy, migration, annexation, and war; Manifest Destiny

The Louisiana Purchase
Exploring and settling the West (explorers, Lewis and Clark expedition, naturalists, trappers and traders, trailblazers, missionaries, pioneers, the Mormon Church
The Spanish, Mexican, and Native American West
Motives for and implications of expansion and western settlement
Politics of western expansion (Manifest Destiny, the Texas and Oregon questions, the Mexican War)
Impact of western expansion upon Mexicans and Native Americans

The Constitution in jeopardy: The American Civil War

United States society divided

Party disintegration and realignment and sectional polarization (Kansas-Nebraska Act, disintegration of the Whig Party and the rise of the Republican Party, Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid)
Abraham Lincoln, the secession crisis, and efforts at compromise (Lincoln-Douglas debates, election of 1860, secession, compromise plans, Fort Sumter)

Wartime actions

Military strategy, major battles (Antietam, Gettysburg), and human toll
Impact of war on home front (civil liberties during the Civil War, women's roles)
Government policy during the war (wartime finances, creating a national currency, transcontinental railroad, Homestead Act)
Lincoln and Emancipation (the Emancipation Proclamation, the Gettysburg Address, African-American participation in the Civil War, the 13th Amendment)

1. Why did the United States extend its influence to other regions in the late 1800s?

2. Why did the United States expand its role in the Pacific?

3. How did the Spanish-Ameircan War help the United States become a world power?

4. How did America's growing power affect its relationship with other nations?

1. Spanish American War/Yellow journalism/ Maine

2. US Imperialism (Cuba/Puerto Rico/Philippines)

3. Alaska/Hawaii

4. china/Open Door Policy/spheres of influence

Rooseveltcorollary/Panama Canal

Imperialism

Monroe Doctrine/Roosevelt Corollary

Isolationism

Interventionism

1. Idenitify reasons for American Imperialism

2. Complete an American Imperialism graphic organizer that describes US involvement in Asia and the Caribbean.

3. Construct and label a map of American imperialism in the Pacific

4. Discuss the various methods used by the US to gain access to new territories/regions.

Becoming a World Power Outline Notes

Becoming a World Power Test

December

(1-2 weeks)

World War I

(2)	SS.8.4	WORLD WAR I AND THE ROARING TWENTIES: Various diplomatic, economic, and ideological factors contributed to the United States decision to enter World War I. Involvement in the war significantly altered the lives of Americans. Postwar America was characterized by economic prosperity, technological innovations, and changes in the workplace.
(1)	SS.8.4.a	European militarism, the alliance system, imperialism, and nationalism were all factors that contributed to the start of World War I.
(1)	SS.8.4.b	International, economic, and military developments swayed opinion in favor of the United States siding with the Allies and entering World War I. Domestic responses to World War I limited civil liberties within the United States.
(1)	SS.8.4.c	New military technologies changed military strategy in World War I and resulted in an unprecedented number of casualties.
(1)	SS.8.4.d	Following extensive political debate, the United States refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. The United States then sought to return to prewar policies by focusing on domestic rather than international matters.

How did militarism contribute to the outbreak of World War I?
Why did the United States enter World War I?
How did the United States help the Allies win the war?
How did the United States mobilize its resources to fight the war?
Why did Wilson’s Peace plan fail?
How did World War I impact America and transform Europe?

Causes of WW I
US entry into WWI

Sub warfare
Zimmerman Note
Lusitania

US propaganda
Espionage Act & Sedition Act
weapons & strategy
Treaty of Versailles/Fourteen Points/League of Nations
Effects of WWI

nationalism

militarism

alliances

imperialsim

unrestricted submarine warfare

propaganda

the draft

WWI Note Packet

Building Bkgrd Vocab

JS "There's No One Here But he Dead"

No One Here But Dead WS

Propaganda Poster WS

Searching for Peace WS

America Joins Allies WS

War at Home WS

WWI Test

January

(1-2 weeks)

The Roaring Twenties

(1)	SS.11.7.a.1	Students will examine the cultural trends associated with the Roaring Twenties, including women’s efforts at self‐expression and their changing roles.
(2)	SS.8.4	WORLD WAR I AND THE ROARING TWENTIES: Various diplomatic, economic, and ideological factors contributed to the United States decision to enter World War I. Involvement in the war significantly altered the lives of Americans. Postwar America was characterized by economic prosperity, technological innovations, and changes in the workplace.

1. How did prejudice and labor strife affect the nation follwoing World War I?

2. In what ways did the election of Harding and Coolidge reflect America's changing mood?

3. How did new technology and forms of transportation change American life?

4. How did social change affect the arts, the role of women, and minorities?

5. How did American society change in the 1920s?

1. Women's Rights

2. Prohibition

3. Race Relations/the Great Migration

4. Harlem Renaissance

5. Installment buying/credit/speculation (economic practices of 1920s leads to Depression)

6. Fear of Radicals: Red Scare/Anarchism

installment buying

credit

"Return to normalcy"

Flapper

Roaring Twenties Interactive Notebook

Roaring Twenties Quiz

January/February

(3-4 weeks)

The Great Depression

(1)	SS.10.5.d.4	Students will investigate the causes of the Great Depression and its influence on the rise of totalitarian dictators and determine the common characteristics of these dictators.
(1)	SS.11.7	PROSPERITY AND DEPRESSION (1920 – 1939): The 1920s and 1930s were a time of cultural and economic changes in the nation. During this period the nation faced significant domestic challenges including the Great Depression.
(1)	SS.11.7.c	For many Americans, the 1920s was a time of prosperity. However, underlying economic problems reflected by the stock market crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s responses to the Great Depression increased the role of the federal government.
(1)	SS.11.7.c.2	Students will examine the underlying weaknesses of the economy that led to the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression.
(1)	SS.11.7.c.3	Students will compare and contrast the responses of Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt to the Great Depression.
(1)	SS.8.5	GREAT DEPRESSION: Economic and environmental disasters in the 1930s created hardships for many Americans. Amidst much debate about the appropriate role of government, President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped to create intensive government interventions in the United States economy and society.

1. What were the factors that brought about the Great Depression?

2. How did the economic practices of the 1920s lead to an unstable/uncertain economy?

3. How did Franklin Roosevelt's leadership bring about change in the U.S. economy?

4. How did the Great Depression affect the economic and social traditions of Americans, especially minorities.?

5. Why did some people support Roosevelt's New Deal, and some oppose it?

6. How did the government react to the Great Depression?

1. Stock Market crash

2. Effects of the Depression

3. Dust Bowl (Cause/Effect)

4. FDR/New Deal/Second New Deal

a. SSA, FDIC, SEC

Fireside chats

liberalism

conservatism

deficit spending

public works

migrants

1. Examine the connection between the Stock Market Crash and the start of the Great Depression.

2. Analyze how the rise in unemplyment worsened the problems of the Great Depresson.

3. Identify the areas known as the Dust Bowl, examine the causes, and discuss the effects on residents.

4. Outline FDR's New Deal plan, including key programs/laws and how they helped to lessen the effects of the Depression.

5. Evaluate the effectiveness of the New Deal.

Great Depression Outline Notes

Great Depression Test

February

(3-4 weeks)

World War II

(1)	SS.10.10.a	Following World War II, the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) was written. This provides a set of principles to guide efforts to protect threatened groups.
(1)	SS.10.5	UNRESOLVED GLOBAL CONFLICT (1914–1945): World War I and World War II led to geopolitical changes, human and environmental devastation, and attempts to bring stability and peace.
(1)	SS.10.5.a.1	Students will compare and contrast long‐ and short‐term causes and effects for World War I and World War II.
(1)	SS.10.5.b	Technological developments increased the extent of damage and casualties in both World War I and World War II.
(2)	SS.10.6	UNRESOLVED GLOBAL CONFLICT (1945–1991: THE COLD WAR): The second half of the 20th century was shaped by the Cold War, a legacy of World War II. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as global superpowers engaged in ideological, political, economic, and military competition.
(1)	SS.11.8.a.4	Students will examine President Roosevelt’s leadership during World War II, including his role as commander in chief and his diplomatic efforts to maintain the Grand Alliance.
(1)	SS.11.8.c	In response to World War II and the Holocaust, the United States played a major role in efforts to prevent such human suffering in the future.

1. How did dictators acqire and expand power in Europe in the 1930s?

2. How did peaceful nations confront foreign aggressors in World War II?

3. In wha tways did American men, women, and minorities support the war effort at home?

4. What strategies did the Allies pursue in Europe and Africa to defeat the Axis powers in World War II?

5. What was the turning point in the war in the Pacific and what led up to it?

6. How did World War II transform Ameirca and the world?

1. Causes of World War II

2. US entry into the war

3. US neutrality/Pearl Harbor attack

4. US strategy in the Pacific Ocean

5. Normandy/D-Day

6. Homefront

7. Tuskegee Airment

8. US economy/ war economy

9. Japeanes Internment (Korematsu v. US)

10. Weapons/warfare

11. Effects of WWII

a. Holocaust

b. United Natons/Nuremberg Trials

1. facism

2. appeasement

3. internment

4. concentration camp

4. rationing

5. anti semitism

6. nuclear bomb

7. propaganda

1. Outline the causes of WWII in a graphic organizer.

2. Describe how dictators acquired and expanded power in Europe in the 1930s.

3. Discuss how peaceful nations confronted foreign aggressors in the years leading up to World War II.

4. Construct a DBQ Essay that outlines the way Americans supported the war effort on the homefront.

5. Describe the strategies the Allies pursued in Europe and Africa to defeat the Axis Powers in World War II.

6. Discuss the events that led up to the turning point in the war in the Pacific.

7. Examine the morality issue of World War II through a focus on events such as Japanes-American Internment, the Holocaust, and the dropping of the atomic bomb.

8. Identify the effects of World War II

World War II Homefront DBQ

World War II Test

March

(2-3 weeks)

Cold War Origins and Life in the 50s

(2)	SS.10.6	UNRESOLVED GLOBAL CONFLICT (1945–1991: THE COLD WAR): The second half of the 20th century was shaped by the Cold War, a legacy of World War II. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as global superpowers engaged in ideological, political, economic, and military competition.
(1)	SS.10.6.a	The Cold War originated from tensions near the end of World War II as plans for peace were made and implemented. The Cold War was characterized by competition for power and ideological differences between the United States and the Soviet Union.
(1)	SS.10.6.b	The Cold War was a period of confrontations and attempts at peaceful coexistence.
(1)	SS.10.6.c	The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the communist bloc in Europe had a global impact.
(1)	SS.11.9	COLD WAR (1945 – 1990): In the period following World War II, the United States entered into an extended era of international conflict called the Cold War which influenced foreign and domestic policy for more than 40 years.
(1)	SS.11.9.d	A combination of factors contributed to the end of the Cold War including American policies and Soviet economic and political problems that led to the loss of Soviet control over Eastern Europe.
(1)	SS.11.9.d.1	Students will trace factors leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War, including American policies, Soviet economic problems, Soviet efforts at reform, and the loss of Soviet control over Eastern Europe.
(1)	SS.8.7.a	The Cold War was an ongoing struggle between the two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War shaped the reconstruction of national boundaries and political alliances across the globe.

1. How and why did America aid European nations after World War II?

2. What economic, social, and political challenges did Americans face after World War II?

3. How and why did America involve itself in the Korean conflict of the 1950s?

4. How did the American prosperity of the 1950s affect the country's economy and culture?

5. How did the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affect the nation?

1. Origins of the Cold War

2. Map the opposing sides

3. Arms race

4. Containment/Marshall Plan/Korean War

5. China in 1950s/Mao

6. Baby boom/population growth and effects

7. Growth of suburbs and car culture

1. containment

2. Iron Curtain

3. Cold War

4. Communism

5. McCarthyism

6. Arms race

7. Conformity

1. Discuss the origins of the Cold War, and lavel a global map detailing the countries allied with either side.

2. Analyze the impact of the Cold War on the American people ( McCarthyism, Rosenbergs, air raid drills)

3. Define containment and provide examples of foreign events related to the term ( Berlin Airlift, Marshall Plan, Korean War, arms race)

4. Examin how American society changed during the post-WWII period.

Cold War Interactive Notebook

Cold War Test

April

(2-3 weeks)

Civil Rights

(1)	SS.11.10.a	After World War II, long‐term demands for equality by African Americans led to the civil rights movement. The efforts of individuals, groups, and institutions helped to redefine African American civil rights, though numerous issues remain unresolved.
(1)	SS.11.10.a.3	Students will examine judicial actions and legislative achievements during the movement such as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (1964) and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
(1)	SS.11.3.c	Long‐standing disputes over States rights and slavery and the secession of Southern states from the Union sparked by the election of Abraham Lincoln led to the Civil War. After the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves became a major Union goal. The Civil War resulted in tremendous human loss and physical destruction.
(1)	SS.12G.2	CIVIL RIGHTS & CIVIL LIBERTIES: The United States Constitution aims to protect individual freedoms and rights which have been extended to more groups of people over time. These rights and freedoms continue to be debated, extended to additional people, and defined through judicial interpretation. In engaging in issues of civic debate, citizens act with an appreciation of differences and are able to participate in constructive dialogue with those who hold different perspectives.
(1)	SS.5.6.c.1	Students will examine at least one group of people such as Native Americans, African Americans, women, or another cultural, ethnic, or racial minority in the Western Hemisphere who have struggled or are struggling for equality and civil rights or sovereignty.

1. How did Americans respond to discrimination during the civil rights era?

2. Where the legal and social challenges to racial segregation in the 1940s and 1950s?

3. How were Kennedy and Johnson alike and different as presidents of the United States?

4. What areas of civil rights did groups try to improve in the 1960s and what methods did those groups use?

5. How did the civil rights movement affect minorities other than African Americans?

1. Civil Rights strategies/methods

a. Marshall, Parks, MLK Jr., and Malcolm X

2. Civil rights vitories ( Desegregaton of military, Brown v. Board, Civil Rights Act of 1965)

3. Civil rights era led to renewed efforts for equality for women and other groups

4. Civil Rights events ( March on Washington, Little Rock, Greensoro sit ins, Freedom rides

5. Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society.

1. civil rights

2. infringe

3. segregate/integrate

4. disenfranchised

5. civil disobedience

1. Outline the various methods used in the fight for civil rights.

2. Construct a DBQ essay outlining the goals and methods of the Civil Rights Movement.

3. Construct a timeline chronicling the ke events of the Civil Rights Movement.

4. Examine the effects of the Civil Rights Movement on minority groups other than African Americans.

5. Compare the presidencies of Kennedy and Johnson and their involvement in the Civil Rights Movement.

Civil Rights Movement Notes

Civil Rights Player Card Project

Civil Rights Quiz

May

(2-3 weeks)

The Vietnam Era

(1)	SS.10.6.b.1	Students will investigate the efforts to expand and contain communism in Cuba, Vietnam, and Afghanistan from multiple perspectives.
(1)	SS.11.9.a.5	Students will trace the United States involvement in Vietnam, including President Johnson’s decision to escalate the fighting in Vietnam.
(1)	SS.11.9.a.6	Students will examine reasons for declining public confidence in government, including America’s involvement in Vietnam, student protests, the growing antiwar movement, and the Watergate affair.
(1)	SS.8.7.b.1	Students will examine the policy of containment and its application in the postwar period, including the Marshall Plan, the Korean War, the Cuban missile crisis, and the Vietnam War.

1. What were the key foreign policy challenges the United States faced during the Kennedy administration?

2. How and why did America involve itself in the war in Vietnam?

3. How did the Vietnam War affect the political and social climate in the United States?

4. How did President Nixon remove the United States from Vietnam?

5. What were the causes and effects of America's involvement in the Vietnam War?

1. Bay of Pigs/Cuban Missile Crisis/Berlin Wall

2. Space Race

3. Causes/Background

4. US entry/escalation

5. Strategy/warfare

6. Draft protests/counterculture

7. Vietnamization

8. 1968 Election/RFK assassination/MLK assassination

9. Impact: War Powers Act, 26th Amendment

1. counterculture

2. containment

3. Viet Chong

4. Domino Theory

5. Guerilla warfare

6. pacifism

7. doves

8. hawks

1. Summarize the causes of the conflict in IndoChina and the role played by the United States.

2. Describe events that shaped US policy during the 1960d Cold War ( Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, Space Race, and Cuban Missile Crisis)

3. Compare and contrast the strategy/weapons/tactics of the US and the Viet Cong.

4. Complete a graphic organizer highlighting the key battles and events of the Vietnam War.

5. Analyze how the nation was divided in their support for US involvement in Vietnam.

6. Discuss the lastings effects of the Vietnam War ( voting age, War Powers Act, questioning the government)

Vietnam War Years Notes

Vietnam War Years Quiz

May/June

(2 weeks)

America in the 70s

(1)

SS.USAG.U7.V

Nixon as President, 1969-1974

Domestic policies and events

Modifications to Great Society programs(OSHA, Federal Energy Office, DEA, Clean Air Act, food stamps, revenues sharing)
The Moon landing
Environmental Protection Agency (1970)
Self-determination for American Indians (1970)
Ratification of the 26th Amendment (1971)
Title IX - equal education access (1972)

Nixon's internationalism

Henry Kissinger and realpolitik
(1) Withdrawal from Vietnam and Cambodia; peace talks and signing of Paris Peace Accords (Pentagon papers, New York Times v. United States, 1971)
(2) Nixon Doctrine
(3) Opening to China
(4) Detente: SALT and grain

The Presidency in crisis

Resignation of Spiro Agnew
Watergate affair and its constitutional implications
United States v. Nixon, 1974
The impeachment process and resignation

The Ford and Carter Presidencies

The appointive Presidency: Ford and Rockefeller (the constitutional aspects)
Domestic policy issues

Pardon for Nixon and amnesty for draft evaders
Oil crisis: shifting energy priorities
Environmental concerns
(1) Three Mile Island
(2) Acid rain
(3) Toxic waste

Foreign policy issues: the United States after Vietnam

Fall of South Vietnam, 1975
Oil crisis: Middle East in turmoil
Middle East mediation: Camp David Accords
The Afghanistan invasion: Olympics and grain—diplomatic weapons
Iranian hostage crisis: 1979-1981

Reagan and Bush, the "new" federalism and growth of conservatism

Supply-side economics
Tax policy and deficits
Environmental and civil rights policies
Effects on minorities
The Supreme Court and the schools

Engle v. Vitale, 1962
Tinker v.Des Moines School District, 1969
New Jersey v. TLO, 1985
Vernonia School District v. Acton, 1995

New approaches to old problems

Feast and famine: the farmer's dilemma
The problems of poverty in an affluent society—"the underclass"
The "new" immigrants; (Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986)
Changing demographic patterns (growing numbers of elderly)

Renewed United States power image

Central America and the Caribbean: debt and stability; Sandinistas, Contras, El Salvadorians
Middle East: war and hostages

Trade imbalance and divesting

Japan: trade imbalance
United States and South Africa

United States—Soviet relations

Gorbachev and Soviet relations
"Star Wars" and arms limitation efforts
Cuts in defense spending and the fall of the Soviet Union

1. What were President Nixon's main goals in foreign policy, and how did he work to achieve them?

2. What were President Nixon's major domestic challenges in the 1970s?

3. What major foreign affairs issues did President Carter face during his presidency, ahd how did he deal with them?

4. How have America's strengths helped us to face the challenges of the past four decades?

1. Nicon in China

2. Detente

3. Watergate/Nixon Resignation

4. Carter Presidency

a. National Energy Plan

b. Three Mile Island

c. Camp David Accords

d. Iranian-Hostage Crisis

detente

Middle Eastern conflict

inflation

alternative energy

1. Describe how the policy of detente influenced US-Soviet relations.

2. Summarize the events of the Watergate Scandal and the effects on the country.

Identify important events and challenges faced by Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter.

May/June

(3-4 weeks)

New Challenges (1980 to Present)

(1)	SS.8.9.d	Economic recession during the 1970s and concerns about the growth and size of the federal government encouraged fiscal conservatives to push for changes in regulation and policy.
(1)	SS.8.9.d.1	Students will examine President Ronald Reagan’s and President George H. W. Bush’s cuts to social programs and taxes in an attempt to stimulate the economy.
(1)	SS.I.1.3	Study about how the major social, political, economic, cultural, and religious developments in New York State and United States history involves learning about the important roles and contributions of individuals and groups.
(1)	SS.I.1.4	The skills of historical analysis include the ability to: explain the significance of historical evidence; weigh the importance, reliability, and validity of evidence; understand the concept of multiple causation; understand the importance of changing and competing interpretations of different historical developments.
(1)	SS.SSP.8.1	Gathering and Using Evidence
(1)	SS.SSP.8.1.1	Define and frame questions about the United States and answer them by gathering, using, and interpreting evidence.
(1)	SS.SSP.8.1.2	Identify, describe, and evaluate evidence about events from diverse sources (including written documents, works of art, photographs, charts and graphs, artifacts, oral traditions, and other primary and secondary sources).
(1)	SS.SSP.8.1.3	Analyze evidence in terms of historical and/or social context, content, authorship, point of view, purpose, and format; identify bias; explain the role of bias, context and audience in presenting arguments or evidence.

1. How was President Reagan's attitude about communism reflected in his actions and policies?

2. How did President Bush deal with the domestic challeges facing his presidency?

3. How has the war on terror changed the way Americans live?

4. How have economic and environmental developments led to the world's nations becoming more interdependent?

1. Reagan Presidency:

a. Economy, End of Cold War ( Afghanistan, Middle East, Latin America, European Countries, nuclear weapons, Iran-Contra Affair

2. Bush Presidency: Persian Gulf War, Collapse of the Soviet Union

3. Clinton Presidency: NAFTA, scandal/impeachment, Kosovo

4. Bush Presidency

a. 2000 election, 9/11, War on Terror, and Patriot Act, Immigration and Globalization of Trade, Modern Domestic Issues: Gun rights, cyberbullying, and electronic surveillance

Globallization

Security v. Privacy

entitlements

free trade

terrorism

insurgent

1. Identify the domestic challenges and goals of President Reagan.

2. Discuss the Cold War events of the 1980s ( Berlin Wall, SDI, arms race, Afghanistan, Iran-Contra Affair)

3. Describe the end of the Cold War and the events leading up to the Persian Gulf War.

4. Highlight the problems and accomplishments of the Clinton presidency.

5. Identify the issues that made the 2000 election controversial.

6. Analyze how 9/11 influenced the U.S. response to the War on Terror.