Students apply the principle of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.

3.3a In all chemical reactions there is a conservation of mass, energy, and charge.

Internet Activity – Balancing Equations
Balancing Equations(WEB)
How Do You Balance a Chemical Equation?(WEB)

Math – Calculate gram formula mass.

Math – Calculate % composition.

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Students apply the principle of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.

3.3c A balanced chemical equation represents conservation of atoms. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation can be used to determine mole ratios in the reaction.

Lab: Who has the biggest mouth?

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Students apply the principle of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.

3.3e The formula mass of a substance is the sum of the atomic masses of its atoms. The molar mass (gram formula mass) of a substance equals one mole of that substance.

Gram Formula Mass Worksheet

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Students apply the principle of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.

3.3f The percent composition by mass of each element in a compound can be calculated mathematically.

Lab: Percent Composition of Copper in Pennies
Are all Pennies Created Equal.doc % Water in a Hydrate.doc

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4e Equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of particles.

Unit VIII- Gases & Solutions

Pearson - Chemistry

Chapters 14-16

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Students explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them.

3.1oo A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. The solubility of a solute in a given amount of solvent is dependent on the temperature, the pressure, and the chemical natures of the solute and solvent.

Lab – Separating Mixtures

Lab: Reactions Between Ions in Aqueous Solutions

Chemical Reaction Lab.doc

Real World Connection – Dry Cleaners – “Like dissolves like.”

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Students explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them.

3.1pp The concentration of a solution may be expressed as molarity (M), percent by volume, percent by mass, or parts per million (ppm).

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Math – Solving Equations

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Students explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them.

3.1qq The addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solvent causes the boiling point of the solvent to increase and the freezing point of the solvent to decrease. The greater the concentration of particles, the greater the effect.

Lab: Freezing Point Depression (Ice Cream)
Ice Cream Lab - good for alternative.doc

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4a The concept of an ideal gas is a model to explain the behavior of gases. A real gas is most like an ideal gas when the real gas is at low pressure and high temperature.

Math – Solving Equations

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4b Kinetic molecular theory (KMT) for an ideal gas states that all gas particles:

are in random, constant, straight-line motion.
are separated by great distances relative to their size; the volume of the gas particles is considered negligible.
have no attractive forces between them.
have collisions that may result in the transfer of energy between gas particles, but the total energy of the system remains constant.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4c Kinetic molecular theory describes the relationships of pressure, volume, temperature, velocity, and frequency and force of collisions among gas molecules.

Unit IX - Kinetics and Equilibrium

Pearson - Chemistry

Chapters 17& 18

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Students explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them.

3.1ll Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. A system with greater disorder has greater entropy.

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Students explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them.

3.1mm Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward lower energy and higher entropy.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4b Kinetic molecular theory (KMT) for an ideal gas states that all gas particles:

are in random, constant, straight-line motion.
are separated by great distances relative to their size; the volume of the gas particles is considered negligible.
have no attractive forces between them.
have collisions that may result in a transfer of energy between gas particles, but the total energy of the system remains constant.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4c Kinetic molecular theory describes the relationships of pressure, volume, temperature, velocity, and frequency and force of collisions among gas molecules.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4d Collision theory states that a reaction is most likely to occur if reactant particles collide with the proper energy and orientation.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4e Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of particles.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4f The rate of a chemical reaction depends on several factors: temperature, concentration, nature of the reactants, surface area, and the presence of a catalyst.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4g A catalyst provides an alternate reaction pathway, which has a lower activation energy than an uncatalyzed reaction.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4h Some chemical and physical changes can reach equilibrium.

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Students use kinetic molecular theory (KMT) to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.

3.4i At equilibrium the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. The measurable quantities of reactants and products remain constant at equilibrium.

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